Nutritional control of aging

Zimmerman, Jay A.; Malloy, Virginia; Krajcik, Rozlyn A.; Orentreich, Norman

doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(02)00149-3

Cited by 257 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Indeed, the Lou/C rats present a median life span (50% of survivors) of 29 months whereas Wistar rats present a median life span of 24 months and Lou/C rats have a healthier life than Wistar rats [16,25]. In agreement with previous reports [15,16,18], we found that this prolonged life span is associated with a reduced and stable adiposetissue mass in Lou/C rat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Resistance to obesity in Lou/C rats prevents ageing-associated metabolic alterations

et al. 2003

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Aims/Hypothesis. Ageing is associated with metabolic alterations characterised by changes in energy expenditure, obesity, leptin and insulin resistance. The Lou/C rat, an inbred strain of Wistar origin, is presented as both an obesity-resistant rat and a model of healthy ageing. Methods. To characterise the mechanisms underlying obesity resistance in Lou/C rat, we measured food intake and energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Moreover, plasma insulin and leptin concentrations were assessed by radioimmunoassay in Lou/C and Wistar rats throughout their life span. Results. Compared to Wistar rats, Lou/C rats presented a higher food intake only at 24 months of age and they had a higher energy expenditure at 6 and 12 months of age (+21% and +14%, respectively). Plasma insulin concentration increased markedly in 18-and 24-month-old Wistar rats, but remained stable during ageing in Lou/C rats. From the age of 6 months, the plasma leptin concentrations in Wistar rats were higher than in Lou/C rats of the same age (four-, seven-, five-and threefold higher at 6, 12, 18, 24 months of age, respectively). Conclusion/interpretation. Compared to Wistar rats, Lou/C rats did not develop insulin resistance as confirmed by a higher glucose infusion rate during the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. These data provide evidence that insulin resistance is associated with the excess of adipose tissue in Wistar rats. Not only Lou/C rats present a higher median life span than Wistar rats (+20%), but they also show a healthy ageing process considering fat accretion and insulin resistance. [Diabetologia (2003[Diabetologia ( ) 46:1489[Diabetologia ( -1496 Keywords Insulin resistance, energy expenditure, leptin, ageing, Lou/C rat, food intake. lin. Insulin is considered as an adiposity signal. Its plasma concentration is associated with the amount of fat stores [1,2] and insulin receptors are expressed in the brain, especially in the paraventricular nuclei involved in the control of energy intake [3,4]. Insulin resistance is associated with fat accretion [5] and/or with the effect of ageing on the insulin receptor [6]. Leptin, which is secreted by adipocytes, provides feedback information on the lipid stores towards the hypothalamus. Leptin contributes to the regulation of both food intake and energy expenditure [7,8]. The plasma leptin concentration is directly related to body fat mass [9,10] but during ageing, increased concentrations of plasma leptin appears dissociated from fat stores [11]. However, it is extremely difficult to differAgeing is associated with metabolic disorder characterised notably by changes in energy expenditure, fat distribution leading to increased adiposity and insulin resistance.Several hormones can affect both energy expenditure and fat mass, amongst which are leptin and insu-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Resistance to obesity in Lou/C rats prevents ageing-associated metabolic alterations

et al. 2003

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“…Irrespective of the mechanism involved, it is well known that methionine dietary restriction increases maximum longevity in mammals (Richie et al 1994;Zimmerman et al 2003), in strong agreement with our finding that long-lived animal species have low levels of methionine in intracellular proteins (Ruiz et al 2005). One of the most plausible mechanisms by which caloric restriction extends life span is by decreasing mitochondrial ROS production and oxidative damage to mtDNA (Gredilla and Barja 2001a, b;Barja 2004a, b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Protein and lipid oxidative damage and complex I content are lower in the brain of budgerigar and canaries than in mice. Relation to aging rate

Pamplona

Portero‐Otín

Sanz

et al. 2005

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What are the mechanisms determining the rate of animal aging? Of the two major classes of endothermic animals, bird species are strikingly long-lived compared to mammals of similar body size and metabolic rate. Thus, they are ideal models to identify longevity-related characteristics not linked to body size or low metabolic rates. Since oxidative stress seems to be related to the basic aging process, we measured specific markers of different kinds of oxidative damage to proteins, like glutamic and aminoadipic semialdehydes (GSA and AASA, specific protein carbonyls), N(-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), N(-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), and N(-(malondialdehyde)lysine (MDAL), as well as mitochondrial Complex I content and amino acid and membrane fatty acyl composition, in the brain of short-lived mice (maximum life span [MLSP] 3.5 years) compared with those of long-lived budgerigar Fparakeets_ (MLSP, 21 years) and canaries (MLSP, 24 years). The brains of both bird species had significantly lower levels of compounds formed as a result of oxidative (GSA and AASA), glycoxidative (CEL and CML), and lipoxidative (CML and MDAL) protein modifications, as well as a lower levels of mitochondrial complex I protein. Although it is known that fatty acid unsaturation is lower in many tissues of long-lived compared to short-lived mammals, this is not true in the particular case of brain. In agreement with this, we also found that the brain tissue of bugerigars and canaries contains no fewer double bonds than that of mice. Amino acid composition analyses revealed that bird proteins have a significantly lower content of His, Leu and Phe, as well as, interestingly, of methionine, whereas Asp, Glu, Ala, Val, and Lys contents were higher than in the mammals. These results, together with those previously described in other tissues of pigeons (MLSP, 35 years) compared to rats (MLSP, 4 years), indicate that oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and mitochondrial DNA are lower in birds (very long-lived species) than in short-lived mammals of similar body size. The lower degree of oxidative modification of bird brain proteins was not due to decreases in the target amino acids (lysine for CEL, CML, MDAL, and AASA; and arg and pro for GSA), since these were present in bird brain proteins at higher or similar levels than in those of mice. These results are consistent with the possibility that decreases in oxidative protein modification are caused at least in part by the low rate of mitochondrial oxygen radical generation in these birds, as in all long-lived homeothermic vertebrates investigated so far.

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“…In this study we hypothesized that, as in rodents where selectively restricting methionine intake can extend lifespan (Orentreich et al 1993;Richie et al 1994;Zimmerman et al 2003;Miller et al 2005), the restriction of methionine might also extend lifespan in Drosophila. If true, this would help to explain the observed extension of lifespan in this species by selective yeast ) and protein restriction (Min and Tatar 2006a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The strongest evidence comes from studies in rats and mice in which amino acids are fed in lieu of protein, where restriction of dietary methionine alone can extend maximum lifespan by 10-45% (Orentreich et al 1993;Richie et al 1994;Zimmerman et al 2003;Miller et al 2005). Methionine metabolism is abnormal in long-lived mutant mice that are deficient in growth hormone, prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (Uthus and Brown-Borg 2003;Brown-Borg et al 2005;Uthus and Brown-Borg 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifespan modification by glucose and methionine in Drosophila melanogaster fed a chemically defined diet

Troen

French

Roberts

et al. 2006

AGE

108

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Experimentally restricting dietary calories, while maintaining adequate dietary nutrient content, extends lifespan in phylogenetically diverse species; thus suggesting the existence of conserved pathways which can modify lifespan in response to energy intake. However, in some cases the impact on longevity may depend on the quality of the energy source. In Drosophila, restriction of dietary yeast yields considerable lifespan extension whereas isocaloric restriction of dietary sugar yields only modest extension, indicating that other diet-responsive pathways can modify lifespan in this species. In rodents, restricting intake of a single amino acid -methionine -extends lifespan. Here we show that dietary methionine can modify lifespan in adult female, non-virgin Oregon-R strain Drosophila fed a chemically defined media. Compared to a diet containing 0.135% methionine and 15% glucose, high dietary methionine (0.405%) shortened maximum lifespan by 2.33% from 86 to 84 days and mean lifespan by 9.55% from 71.7 to 64.9 days. Further restriction of methionine to 0.045% did not extend maximum lifespan and shortened mean lifespan by 1.95% from 71.1 to 70.3 days. Restricting glucose from 15% to 5% while holding methionine at a concentration of 0.135%, modestly extended maximum lifespan by 5.8% from 86 to 91 days, without extending mean lifespan. All these diet-induced changes were highly significant (log-rank p<0.0001). Notably, all four diets resulted in considerably longer life spans than those typically reported for flies fed conventional yeast and sugar based diets. Such defined diets can be used to identify lifespan-modifying pathways and specific gene-nutrient interactions in Drosophila.

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Nutritional control of aging

Cited by 257 publications

References 19 publications

Resistance to obesity in Lou/C rats prevents ageing-associated metabolic alterations

Resistance to obesity in Lou/C rats prevents ageing-associated metabolic alterations

Protein and lipid oxidative damage and complex I content are lower in the brain of budgerigar and canaries than in mice. Relation to aging rate

Lifespan modification by glucose and methionine in Drosophila melanogaster fed a chemically defined diet

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