Nutritional Depletion and Dietary Manipulation: Effects on the Immune Response

Hulsewé, Karel W. E.; Acker, B.A.C. van; Meyenfeldt, M.F. von; Soeters, Peter B.

doi:10.1007/pl00012344

Cited by 68 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Once the balance destroyed, intestinal failure follows, bacteria translocation and morbidity would ensue. The upper GI tract and proximal jejunum are considered aseptic in general, because the number of bacteria in these sites is smaller or approximately equals to 10 3 [7][8][9][10][11] . Table 1 lists the normal flora in the bowel [7] .…”

Section: Gut Is the Primary One Of Four Bacterial Reservoirs In The Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal failure: Pathophysiological elements and clinical diseases

Ding¹,

Li²

2004

WJG

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There are two main functions of gastrointestinal tract, digestion and absorption, and barrier function. The latter has an important defensive effect, which keeps the body away from the invading and damaging of bacteria and endotoxin. It maintains the systemic homeostasis. Intestinal dysfunction would happen when body suffers from diseases or harmful stimulations. The lesser dysfunction of GI tract manifests only disorder of digestion and absorption, whereas the more serious intestinal disorders would harm the intestinal protective mechanism, or intestinal barrier function, and bacterial/endotoxin translocation, of intestinal failure (IF) would ensue. This review disscussed the theory of the intestinal failure, aiming at attracting recognition and valuable comments by clinicians.

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Section: Gut Is the Primary One Of Four Bacterial Reservoirs In The Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It receives 30% of nutrients from the artery and takes in the other 70% from the contents within the lumen directly. That is why total parenteral nutrition (TPN) could result in an atrophy of intestinal mucosa [10,11] .…”

Section: Absorption Function Of Different Intestinal Segmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal failure: Pathophysiological elements and clinical diseases

Ding¹,

Li²

2004

WJG

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“…The gut flora is one of the main constituents of this defense barrier and is considered the first line of defense of the gut. The intestine is the main immunological organ: it contains 50% of all reticulo endothelial and other immune cells, and produces the greatest amount of secretory immunoglobulin type A (Hulsewe et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic oligosaccharides improve the recovery of intestinal mucosa and biochemicals parameters in malnourished rats

Benakriche¹,

Ali²,

Zohra³

et al. 2014

Int. J. Nutr. Metab.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic oligosaccharides (POS) on the recovery of bowel atrophy induced by protein malnutrition (PM) in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats (200 to 250 g) were fed with a conventional diet for 10 days of adaptation. After this period, the rats are divided into 3 groups. A control group was fed with a conventional diet (n = 10), and a group of 20 rats was subjected to PM for 15 days. After period of PM, 10 rats were refed with enriched POS diet for 10 days (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus and fructo-oligosaccharides at 0.5 mg/g body weight/day). Our experimental protocol was developed to evaluate some nutritional biochemical parameters such as total proteins, globulin and albumin and morphometric parameters of the intestine. Biochemical parameters caused a significant decrease in the concentration of total protein, albumin and globulin in malnourished rats as compared between the control and group rats. These biochemical values increased in rats refed with POS. The data obtained in the study suggest that PM causes alterations in rat colon and small intestinal morphometry, especially in tissues which present a high level of cell turnover such as the mucosa tunic and consequently their structures such as the enterocytes, goblet cells and crypts. Probiotics oligosaccharides enhanced the recovery of gut atrophy induced by protein malnutrition. Probiotic oligosaccharides can be useful as oral adjuvant during the recovery of protein malnutrition.

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“…A number of publications have described the increased energy requirements and nitrogen losses of patients following acute head injury. 1,3,5,7,9,[12][13][14][15] Fewer studies have focused on hypermetabolism, catabolism, and nitrogen losses following acute SCI. 4,7,10,16,17 While there are metabolic similarities between isolated traumatic brain injury and severely isolated SCI, it appears there may be important biological differences between the 2 central nervous system (CNS) injury types that have bearing on supplemental nutritional therapy.…”

Section: Scientific Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A well-documented hypermetabolic, catabolic injury cascade is initiated immediately after central nervous system injury, which results in depletion of whole body energy stores, loss of lean muscle mass, reduced protein synthesis, and ultimately in loss of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity and compromise of immune competence. 2,3,[5][6][7][8][9] Severely injured brain and spinal cord injury patients, therefore, are at risk for prolonged nitrogen losses and advanced malnutrition within 2 to 3 weeks following injury with resultant increased susceptibility for infection, impaired wound healing, and difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation. [3][4][5][6][7]10 These factors added to the inherent immobility, denervation, and muscle atrophy associated with spinal cord injury provide the rationale for nutritional support of spinal cord injured patients following trauma.…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%