Nutritional Factors and Myopia: An Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Harb, Elise; Wildsoet, Christine F.

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000001694

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…We found no association between BMI and ocular biometrics and refraction in this study, indicating obesity may not in uence the eye growth and refraction development. Supportive evidence has been found in the data from a total of 6855 ethnically-diverse Americans that body metrics nor nutritional factors (serum Vitamin D, glucose levels and caffeine intake) were associated with refractive error or myopia status 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Association Between Body Stature with Ocular Biometrics and Refraction among Chinese Preschoolers

Li,

Liao,

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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PurposeTo evaluate the association of body stature with ocular biometrics and refraction in preschool children. MethodsA cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in Shenzhen, China. Preschool children aged 3 to 6 from 10 randomly-selected kindergartens were recruited. Ocular biometric parameters were measured using non-contact partial-coherence laser interferometry. Cycloplegic refractions were obtained by a desktop autorefractor. Body height and weight were measured using standard procedures.ResultsA total of 373 preschoolers were included. Only the right eyes were analyzed. Ocular biometrics, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), corneal radius curvature (CR), and axial length to corneal radius ratio (AL-to-CR ratio), were positively associated with height and weight (p<0.05), whereas lens thickness (LT) was negatively associated with height and weight (p<0.01). No association was observed between stature and central cornea thickness and refraction. After adjusted for age and gender in a multivariable regression model, AL had positive associations with height (p<0.01) and weight (p<0.01). However, refraction had no significant association with stature parameters.ConclusionTaller and heavier preschoolers had eyes with longer AL, deeper vitreous chamber, and flatter cornea. The significant associations between body stature and ocular biometric parameters reveal the driving influence of body development on the growth of eyeballs in preschoolers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Association Between Body Stature with Ocular Biometrics and Refraction among Chinese Preschoolers

Li,

Liao,

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…This study analyzed body height and body mass index, demographics, serum vitamin D and glucose/insulin levels, and caffeine intake. However, only serum insulin level was found to be associated with myopia [ 22 ]. Their results partially contradict other studies that found Lower serum vitamin D is associated with an increased risk of myopia [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for novel risk factors related to high myopia using machine learning

et al. 2022

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Background High myopia-related complications have become a major cause of irreversible vision loss. Evaluating the association between potential factors and high myopia can provide insights into pathophysiologic mechanisms and further intervention targets for myopia progression. Method Participants aged 12–25 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2006 were selected for the analysis. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (sum of spherical error and half of the cylindrical error) of any eyes ≤-0.5 diopters. High myopia was defined as the spherical equivalent of any eye ≤ − 5.00 diopters. Essential variables were selected by Random Forest algorithm and verified by multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 7,033 participants and 74 potential factors, including demographic (4 factors), physical examination (6 factors), nutritional and serological (45 factors), immunological (9 variables), and past medical history factors (10 factors), were included into the analysis. Random Forest algorithm found that several anthropometric, nutritional, and serological factors were associated with high myopia. Combined with multivariable logistic regression, high levels of serum vitamin A was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of high myopia (adjusted odd ratio = 1.46 for 1 µmol/L increment, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.10). Furthermore, we found that neither C-reactive protein nor asthma increased the risk and severity of myopia. Conclusion High levels of serum vitamin A was seemingly associated with an increased prevalence of high myopia. This borderline significant association should be interpreted with caution because the potential increased type I error after the multiple testing. It still needs further investigation regarding the mechanism underlying this association. Neither C-reactive protein nor asthma increased the risk and severity of myopia.

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“…For every 1 ng/ml increase in serum vitamin D content, the spherical equivalent degree dropped by 0.01 D in Korean adults, according to Jung and Jee ( 17 ). Nevertheless, in a separate study ( 24 ), also based on the NHANCE database, 6,855 participants aged 12 to 25 were recruited between 2003 and 2008 Based on the spherical equivalent of −0.75D, the patients were separated into two groups: non-myopic and myopic. Serum vitamin D levels were comparable between the two groups, and there was no significant relationship between serum 25[OH]D levels and spherical equivalent degree.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum vitamin D and refractive status in United States adolescents: A cross-sectional study

Wu³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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PurposeWe performed this study to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and refractive status in adolescents aged 12–19 years.MethodsCross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2001 to 2006. We used weighted multivariate linear regression models to assess the association between serum vitamin levels and adolescent refractive status and then built a smooth curve fitting to investigate their internal non-linear relationships. Finally, subgroup analysis was performed according to gender, and the threshold effect of serum vitamin D levels on spherical equivalent degree was analyzed using a two-piecewise linear regression model.ResultA total of 5,901 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years were included in this study. After adjusting for all confounding factors, the multiple linear regression model showed no significant correlation between adolescent spherical equivalent degree and serum vitamin D [0.0019 (−0.0018, 0.0046)]. However, smooth curve fitting analysis showed an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between spherical equivalent degree and serum vitamin D levels in adolescents (turning point: 58.1 nmol/L). In analyses by gender subgroup, this inverted U-shaped relationship was found to be more pronounced in female adolescents (turning point: 61.6 nmol/L).ConclusionOur results suggest that the correlation between refractive status and serum vitamin D in adolescents differs by gender. When serum vitamin D concentrations were <61.6 nmol/L in female adolescents and <53.2 nmol/L in male adolescents, the spherical equivalent degree showed a positive correlation with serum vitamin D levels. However, there was no significant correlation when adolescent vitamin levels exceeded this threshold.

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Nutritional Factors and Myopia: An Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Cited by 38 publications

References 67 publications

Association Between Body Stature with Ocular Biometrics and Refraction among Chinese Preschoolers

Association Between Body Stature with Ocular Biometrics and Refraction among Chinese Preschoolers

Screening for novel risk factors related to high myopia using machine learning

Association between serum vitamin D and refractive status in United States adolescents: A cross-sectional study

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