Nutritional Impact of COVID-19 and Its Implications on Atherosclerosis

Esobi, Ikechukwu C.; Lasode, M. K.; Anyanwu, C. I; Degbe, E.; Barriguete, M.O Flores; Okorie, M. A.; Lasode, D.O

doi:10.12691/jnh-8-1-4

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Atherosclerosis, consisting of plaque development in the arterial wall, is a chronic inflammatory disease. 66,67 Activation of different pathophysiological pathways contribute to a self-maintaining inflammatory state, [68][69][70] including 1) cytokine secretion by leukocytes, endothelial cells, platelets, or mast cells, 71 and 2) subendothelial infiltration and deposition of lipids and their oxidation. 72 Eventually, vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques can rupture, leading to thrombotic occlusion and complications such as a myocardial infarction or stroke, depending on the artery involved.…”

Section: Atherosclerotic Diseases and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Features of Vascular Diseases in COVID-19

Ceasovschih,

Sorodoc,

Shor

et al. 2023

JIR

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared in early 2020 after several unexplained pneumonia cases were first reported in Wuhan, China, and subsequently in other parts of the world. Commonly, the disease comprises several clinical features, including high temperature, dry cough, shortness of breath, and hypoxia, associated with findings of interstitial pneumonia on chest X-ray and computer tomography. Nevertheless, severe forms of acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not limited to the respiratory tract but also may be extended to other systems, including the cardiovascular system. The bi-directional relationship between atherosclerosis and COVID-19 is accompanied by poor prognosis. The immune response hyperactivation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection causes an increased secretion of cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness, which promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Also, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, access to healthcare amenities was reduced, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in patients at risk. Furthermore, as lockdown measures were largely adopted worldwide, the sedentary lifestyle and the increased consumption of processed nutrients or unhealthy food increased, and in the consequence, we might observe even 70% of overweight and obese population. Altogether, with the relatively low ratio of vaccinated people in many countries, and important health debt appeared, which is now and will be for next decade a large healthcare challenge. However, the experience gained in the COVID-19 pandemic and the new methods of patients’ approaching have helped the medical system to overcome this crisis and will hopefully help in the case of new possible epidemics.

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Section: Atherosclerotic Diseases and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Features of Vascular Diseases in COVID-19

Ceasovschih,

Sorodoc,

Shor

et al. 2023

JIR

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“…Existing literature has addressed various hazards and their associations with social vulnerability, including age, race and ethnicity, as well as gender [4,10,11]. Other indices like income and poverty have been used to study vulnerability in hurricane scenarios [12,13].…”

Section: Factors Affecting Social Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Homelessness in Social Vulnerability Assessment: A Case Study of Austin, Texas

Lasode¹,

Chow²,

Hagelman³

et al. 2020

SEG

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Among existing research on social vulnerability, virtually no studies have considered homelessness as a variable in their vulnerability assessments. This study identified the relevance of homelessness as a key index in social vulnerability assessment to inform the public, policymakers and the broader body of literature of its impacts on shaping vulnerability patterns in cities. In this study, the 2018 Homeless data for Austin was disaggregated from the council district level to block group level using dasymetric mapping in Geographic Information System (GIS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to group highly correlated demographic and socioeconomic variables into factors, which were normalized and summed to model social vulnerability with homeless index (SOVI_H) and without homeless index (SOVI) for each Austin Blockgroup. The result revealed significant differences in geographic patterns between SOVI_H and SOVI. SOVI_H showed hotspots of vulnerabilities in Downtown and East-Austin neighborhoods, depicting a slight shift of social vulnerability westwards of the city. This finding differs from past results of social vulnerabilities in Austin where it used to be predominant in the East. This study showed that incorporating homelessness in identifying social vulnerability can help researchers and other associated organizations identify the most vulnerable groups when conducting social vulnerability assessments.

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“…[53,54] In addition, increased levels of cardiac injury biomarkers, such as troponin, are found, and some patients are diagnosed with myocardial infarction and acute myocarditis based on clinical examination, cardiac MRI, and echocardiographic changes. [55,56] SARS-CoV-2 triggers an inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients, enhancing platelet activation and increasing susceptibility to the development of atherosclerosis associated with chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. [57] Worldwide reports suggest that susceptibility to COVID-19 is increased in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathomechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of atherosclerosis in patients with COVID-19: A review

et al. 2022

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The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a major health challenge for over 2 years. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes it belongs to single-stranded ribonucleic acid viruses and causes acute respiratory distress syndrome. The initial outbreak was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan province, where SARS-CoV-2 quickly spread to other countries. In addition to respiratory disorders, it has been shown that during and after COVID-19 infection, cardiovascular diseases are often developed or exacerbated, such as: arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and thromboembolic complications. In view of the higher prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with COVID-19, we described the pathomechanisms of the development of this infection and the possible correlations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and thromboembolic complications. We focused on the role of the inflammatory response, renin-angiotensin system and endothelial dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis in patients with COVID-19. A thorough understanding of the hemodynamic mechanisms and the impact of the infection on the cardiovascular system will allow for the proper selection of appropriate therapy in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Abbreviations: ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACS = acute coronary syndromes, ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, EC = endothelial cells, IL-10 = interleukin 10, IL-1β = interleukin 1 β, IL-6 = interleukin 6, NO = nitric oxide, SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, TNFα = tumor necrosis factor α.

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Nutritional Impact of COVID-19 and Its Implications on Atherosclerosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Distinct Features of Vascular Diseases in COVID-19

Distinct Features of Vascular Diseases in COVID-19

The Impact of Homelessness in Social Vulnerability Assessment: A Case Study of Austin, Texas

Pathomechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of atherosclerosis in patients with COVID-19: A review

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