Nutritional impact on mammary development in pigs: a review

Farmer, C.

doi:10.1093/jas/sky243

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Postpartum dysgalactic syndrome sows have more pronounced and signi cant changes in some hormone, metabolic and in ammatory serum markers than normal sows before and after parturition [14,15]. The lack of detectable diet differences in our study for cytokine pro les may have been due to insu cient sample size or variable stress status of the sampled sows near parturition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Parturition is often prolonged with larger litter size which drains sow energy during labor and can lead to increased stillbirths, constipation, mastitis, metritis, and agalactia that negatively affects postpartum uterine recovery, and subsequent lactation, progeny survival and growth [12][13][14][15][16]. A peripartum or transition feed should be considered to provide nutrients and ingredients that address needs for the proli c sow in late gestation to help mitigate early postpartum stress and prepare the sow for ad libitum consumption of lactation feed to support milk production, progeny growth and survival and subsequent sow reproductive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma in Peripartum Sow Feed on Subsequent Litter Size

Crenshaw

Río²,

Sanjoaquin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Nutritional strategies for sows designed to reduce stress around parturition are suggested to support postpartum recovery and longer-term productivity. Past studies using spray-dried plasma in sow feed reported productivity benefits in sow and litter performance. Other studies indicate stressed animals fed diets with spray-dried plasma have a more efficient immune response to the stress which supports animal recovery and health. The purpose of the present study was to determine if 0, 0.5 or 2.5% spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in peripartum feed provided from entry in maternity through d 5 of lactation affects sow productivity and serological immune and oxidation status markers around parturition and if peripartum feed provided only during the initial parturition affected post-weaning sow productivity parameters including litter size of the next parturition. Results In the initial parturition, litter size for total born pigs was linearly reduced ( P < 0.05) as dietary SDPP increased and percentage of stillborn pigs per litter decreased quadratically ( P < 0.05) for sows fed 0.5% or 2.5% SDPP compared to 0% SDPP in peripartum feed. In the subsequent parturition, total born pigs from parity 1 and 2 sows linearly increased ( P < 0.05) and live born pigs tended ( P = 0.09) to linearly increase as level of SDPP increased. The change in total and live born litter size from the initial to the next parturition linearly ( P < 0.01) increased as dietary SDPP increased for parity 1 and 2 sows. Diet did not differ ( P > 0.10) for serum cytokine markers. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity linearly increased ( P < 0.01) with increased dietary SDPP for both prepartum and postpartum sampling periods. Conclusions Inclusion of SDPP in peripartum sow feed reduced percentage of stillborn pigs during the initial parturition and increased litter size of parity 1 and 2 sows in the next parturition. The reduced oxidation stress around parturition as indicated by increased serum glutathione peroxidase activity for sows fed SDPP in peripartum feed suggests mitigation of oxidation stress can reduce stillborn rate and have a long-term benefit on subsequent litter size for parity 1 and 2 sows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma in Peripartum Sow Feed on Subsequent Litter Size

Crenshaw

Río²,

Sanjoaquin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…With intensive genetic selection for the prolificacy of sows, the swine industry is challenged with improving the piglet survival rate in connection with the increased litter size and decreased litter uniformity ( Kim and Hansen, 2013 ). It is well known that maternal nutrition can have an influence on not only the development of fetal organ and tissue but also milk yield ( Kim et al, 1999 ; McPherson et al, 2004 ; Farmer, 2018 ). Deficiency of maternal nutrients would exert a negative impact on fetal and postnatal performance due to intrauterine growth retardation and inefficiency in milk secretion ( Kim et al, 2009 ; Kim and Wu, 2009 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mineral methionine hydroxy analog chelate in sow diets on epigenetic modification and growth of progeny

Jang

Kim

Purvis³

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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The study was conducted to determine the effects of mineral methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (MMHAC) partially replacing inorganic trace minerals in sow diets on epigenetic and transcriptional changes in muscle and jejunum of progeny. The MMHAC is zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) chelated with methionine hydroxy analogue (Zn-, Mn-, and Cu-MHAC). On d 35 of gestation, 60 pregnant sows were allotted to 2 dietary treatments in a randomized completed block design using parity as a block: (1) ITM: inorganic trace minerals with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), manganese oxide (MnO), and copper sulfate (CuSO4) and (2) CTM: 50% of ITM was replaced with MMHAC (MINTREXtrace minerals, Novus International Inc., St Charles, MO). Gestation and lactation diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC requirements. On d 1 and 18 of lactation, milk samples from 16 sows per treatment were collected to measure immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and micromineral concentrations. Two pigs per litter were selected to collect blood to measure the concentration of immunoglobulins in the serum, and then euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa, jejunum tissues, and longissimus muscle to measure global DNA methylation, histone acetylation, cytokines, and jejunal histomorphology at birth and d 18 of lactation. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED of SAS. Supplementation of MMHAC tended to decrease (P = 0.059) body weight (BW) loss of sows during lactation and tended to increase (P = 0.098) piglet BW on d 18 of lactation. Supplementation of MMHAC increased (P < 0.05) global histone acetylation and tended to decrease myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) (P = 0.068) and delta 4-desaturase sphingolipid1 (DEGS1) mRNA (P = 0.086) in longissimus muscle of piglets at birth. Supplementation of MMHAC decreased (P < 0.05) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA in the jejunum and DEGS1 mRNA in longissimus muscle, and tended to decrease mucin-2 (MUC2) mRNA (P = 0.057) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) mRNA (P = 0.057) in the jejunum of piglets on d 18 of lactation. There were, however, no changes in the amounts of TNF-α, IL-8, TGF-β, MUC2, and MYF6 in the tissues by MMHAC. In conclusion, maternal supplementation of MMHAC could contribute to histone acetylation and programming in the fetus, which potentially regulates intestinal health and skeletal muscle development of piglets at birth and weaning, possibly leading to enhanced growth of their piglets.

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“…Transmission of immunoglobulins and other milk-borne bioactive factors (MbFs) to nursing piglets in colostrum provides protection against infectious diseases and supports maturation of the gastrointestinal tract as they gain immunological competence during the first month of neonatal life (Poonsuk and Zimmerman, 2018). These observations alone encourage management strategies designed to improve colostrum availability and quality in order to minimize pre-weaning losses and optimize fecundity (Rohrer et al, 2014;Vallet et al, 2015;Farmer, 2018). However, beyond neonatal survival, evidence indicating that colostrum consumption on the day of birth (postnatal day = PND 0) has lasting effects on fecundity in adult female pigs (Bartol et al, 2013;Vallet et al, 2015) elevates the importance of colostrum (Vallet et al, 2015) as a maternal factor affecting reproductive development and performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Maternal programming of development in the pig and the lactocrine hypothesis

Bagnell¹,

Bartol²

2019

Animal

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Maternal effects on development are profound. Together, genetic and epigenetic maternal effects define the developmental trajectory of progeny and, ultimately, offspring phenotype. Maternally provisioned environmental conditions and signals affect conceptus, fetoplacental and postnatal development from the time of conception until weaning. In the pig, reproductive tract development is completed postnatally. Porcine uterine growth and uterine endometrial development occur in an ovary-independent manner between birth (postnatal day = PND 0) and PND 60. Milk-borne bioactive factors (MbFs), exemplified by relaxin, communicated from lactating dam to nursing offspring via a lactocrine mechanism, represent an important source of extraovarian uterotrophic support in the neonatal pig. Lactocrine deficiency from birth affects both the neonatal porcine uterine developmental program and trajectory of uterine development, with lasting consequences for endometrial function and uterine capacity in adult female pigs. The potential lactocrine signaling window extends from birth until the time of weaning. However, it is likely that the maternal lactocrine programming window – that period when MbFs communicated to nursing offspring have the greatest potential to affect critical organizational events in the neonate – encompasses a comparatively short period of time within 48 h of birth. Lactocrine deficiency from birth was associated with altered patterns of endometrial gene expression in neonatally lactocrine-deficient adult gilts during a critical period for conceptus–endometrial interaction on pregnancy day 13, and with reduced litter size, estimated at 1.4 pigs per litter, with no effect of parity. Data were interpreted to indicate that reproductive performance of female pigs that do not receive sufficient colostrum from birth is permanently impaired. Observations to date suggest that lactocrine-dependent maternal effects program postnatal development of the porcine uterus, endometrial functionality and uterine capacity. In this context, reproductive management strategies and husbandry guidelines should be refined to ensure that such practices promote environmental conditions that will optimize uterine capacity and fecundity. This will entail careful consideration of factors affecting lactation, the quality and abundance of colostrum/milk, and practices that will afford neonatal pigs with the opportunity to nurse and consume adequate amounts of colostrum.

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Nutritional impact on mammary development in pigs: a review

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma in Peripartum Sow Feed on Subsequent Litter Size

Effect of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma in Peripartum Sow Feed on Subsequent Litter Size

Effects of mineral methionine hydroxy analog chelate in sow diets on epigenetic modification and growth of progeny

Review: Maternal programming of development in the pig and the lactocrine hypothesis

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