Nutritional implications of D-xylose in pigs

Schutte, J.B.; Jong, J. de; Polziehn, R.; Verstegen, M.W.A.

doi:10.1079/bjn19910012

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the present study, pH‐dependent effects were excluded because SCFAs solutions were adjusted to neutrality. To prevent effects of ileal distension, the volumes infused were small and within the range of daily ileal flow in pigs 13 . Furthermore, osmotic effects are unlikely since acetate, propionate and butyrate solutions that have different osmolarities share the same inhibitory effect towards gastrointestinal motility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short‐chain fatty acids present in the ileum inhibit fasting gastrointestinal motility in conscious pigs

Cuche¹,

Malbert²

1999

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Colonic compounds, primarily short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inhibit gastric tone in humans. However, since colonic compounds reflux into the ileum, SCFAs might act also at the ileal level. This study evaluates the effects of the contact of SCFAs with the ileum alone towards gastrointestinal motility in fasted conscious pigs. Gastrointestinal motility was recorded during ileal infusion of a mixture containing acetate, propionate and butyrate in intact vs ileostomized animals (n = 10). Ileal infusions of isomolar (500 mmol L-1) vs isocaloric (600 kJ L-1) SCFAs were also performed. SCFA mixture reduced significantly the amplitude and increased the frequency of antral contractions in intact (motility index: 2624 +/- 503.4 vs 4077 +/- 388.2) and ileostomized pigs (motility index: 2428 +/- 678.1 vs 4709 +/- 773.4) compared with iso-osmotic saline. SCFAs at isomolar concentrations inhibited equally gastric motor pattern irrespective of their chemical structure. On the contrary, isocaloric concentrations of SCFAs induced graded effects: acetic acid being the most potent to reduce gastric motility. In conclusion, SCFAs inhibit gastrointestinal motility by a direct contact with the ileum. This inhibition was concentration dependent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This solution was infused in the distal ileum of five intact pigs vs saline at a rate of 2.4 mL min −1 . This infusion rate was equal the mean ileal flow in pigs 13 . Since the osmolarity of the mixture was 973 mosmol kg −1 , saline concentration was adjusted to this osmolarity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐chain fatty acids present in the ileum inhibit fasting gastrointestinal motility in conscious pigs

Cuche¹,

Malbert²

1999

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…This may increase passage rate and reduce absorption of nutrients, possibly explaining the observed decreased AID and G:F. Indeed, observed DM contents of digesta and feces were lower in pigs fed the acid-extruded diet compared with those fed the control diet (8 vs. 11% [wt/wt; P < 0.01] in ileum, 19 vs. 24% [P < 0.01] in colon, and 25 vs. 28% [P < 0.01] in feces). Alternatively, increased microbial activity in the distal ileum and high concentrations of low molecular weight arabinosyl (Ara) and xylosyl (Xyl) sugars (Schutte et al, 1991(Schutte et al, , 1992 may have influenced apparent digestibility values by increasing the production of microbial biomass and endogenous losses and reducing hydrolysis and absorption of nutrients (reviewed by Montagne et al, 2003;Richards et al, 2005). Furthermore, although the amount of acid added to the acid-extruded diet was within the range of concentrations of organic acids applied more often in pig diets, this bivalent acid is stronger (pKa1 = 1.93 and pKa2 = 6.14; Kertes and King, 1986) and effects of maleic acid on digestive and digestive and metabolic processes cannot be excluded (Rosenberg and Segal, 1964;Ravindran and Kornegay, 1993;Dibner and Buttin, 2002).…”

Section: Dry Matter and Nutrient Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acid extrusion on the degradability of maize distillers dried grain with solubles in pigs1,2

Vries

Pustjens

Rooijen

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Commonly used feed processing technologies are not sufficient to affect recalcitrant nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) such as arabinoxylans present in maize distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS). Instead, hydrothermal treatments combined with acid catalysts might be more effective to modify these NSP. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of hydrothermal maleic acid treatment (acid extrusion) on the degradability of maize DDGS in growing pigs. It was hypothesized that acid extrusion modifies DDGS cell wall architecture and thereby increases fermentability of NSP. Two diets, containing either 40% (wt/wt) unprocessed or acid-extruded DDGS, were restrictedly fed to groups of gilts (n=11, with 4 pigs per group; initial mean BW: 20.8±0.2 kg) for 18 d and performance and digestibility were analyzed. Acid extrusion tended to decrease apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP (approximately 3 percentage units [% units]); P=0.063) and starch (approximately 1% unit; P=0.096). Apparent digestibility of CP and starch measured at the mid colon (2% units, P=0.030, for CP and 0.3% units, P<0.01, for starch) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD; 3% units, P<0.01, for CP and 0.2% units, P=0.024, for starch) were lower for the acid-extruded diet compared with the control diet. Hindgut disappearance was, however, not different between diets, indicating that reduced CP and starch digestibility were mainly due to decreased AID. Acid extrusion tended to increase AID of NSP (6% units; P=0.092) and increased digestibility of NSP measured at the mid colon (6% units; P<0.01), whereas hindgut disappearance and ATTD of NSP did not differ between diets. Greater NSP digestibility was mainly due to greater digestibility of arabinosyl, xylosyl, and glucosyl residues, indicating that both arabinoxylan and cellulose degradability were affected by acid extrusion. In conclusion, these results show that acid extrusion did not improve degradation of DDGS for growing pigs. Although acid extrusion seemed to facilitate more rapid degradation of NSP and shifted fermentation to more proximal gastrointestinal segments, total extent of NSP degradation was not affected. More than 35% of the NSP from DDGS remained undegraded, independent of technological processing. Enzyme technologies that specifically target ester-linked acetyl, feroloyl, or coumaroyl groups were identified to be of interest for future research.

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“…Concentration of VFA in cecal content was determined according to the gas-liquid chromatographic method (GLC) 5 of Schutte et al (1991). A known portion (about 5 g) of the cecal content was immediately acidified after collection with 500 /xL phosphoric acid (850 mL/L), and 3 mL of an aqueous solution of isocapronic acid (4.0193 g/L) was added as an internal standard.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Implications of Pectins in Chicks in Relation to Esterification and Origin of Pectins

Langhout¹,

Schutte²

1996

Poultry Science

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An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of feeding high-methylated (HM) and low-methylated (LM) pectin on performance and physiological characteristics in broiler chicks. Two levels each (1.5 and 3%) of HM citrus pectin (HMC), LM citrus pectin (LMC), or HM sugar beet pectin (HMS) were added to a semi-purified basal diet. The experiment was conducted in battery brooders, and chicks received the diets as pellets from 6 to 27 d of age.The inclusion of LMC or HMS in the diet had little or no effect on the performance of chicks; however, when HMC was added to the diet growth and feed utilization were reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Water intake and water:feed ratio were increased (P < 0.05) after inclusion of all three pectin products in the diet. The effect on water consumption was more pronounced in the HMCcontaining diets than in the LMC or HMS diets, and was Patel et al, 1980Patel et al, , 1981Bishawi and McGinnis, 1984).These studies showed a clear depressing effect on (

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Nutritional implications of D-xylose in pigs

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Short‐chain fatty acids present in the ileum inhibit fasting gastrointestinal motility in conscious pigs

Short‐chain fatty acids present in the ileum inhibit fasting gastrointestinal motility in conscious pigs

Effects of acid extrusion on the degradability of maize distillers dried grain with solubles in pigs1,2

Nutritional Implications of Pectins in Chicks in Relation to Esterification and Origin of Pectins

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