Nutritional improvement of rice husks

Vadiveloo, J.; Nurfariza, B.; Fadel, James G.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.03.002

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Around 134 Mt of rice husks were produced globally from 671 Mt of rice production in the year 2008 [14]; in the same year, approximately 135 Mt of corn cobs were produced from 797 Mt of corn production [15]. Table 1 compares energy, ash, moisture contents, bulk density and porosity of rice husks and corn cobs, as gathered from sources in the literature [1, 14,16,17,18,19,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. It can be estimated that the total annual generation of rice husks and corn cobs has an energy content of 4 EJ, which represents about 1% of the world total primary energy consumption [30].…”

Section: Rice Husks and Corn Cobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of operating variables on durability of fuel briquettes from rice husks and corn cobs

Muazu

Stegemann

2015

Fuel Processing Technology

124

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Biomass densification processes increase fuel energy density for more efficient transport.This study presents new data to show that blending different types of biomass improves the properties of densified biomass briquettes. The specific objectives were to investigate the effects of sample batch (biomass source), material ratio (rice husks to corn cobs), addition of binder (starch and water mixture) and compaction pressure, on briquette properties, using a factorial experiment.Briquettes had a unit density of up to 1.9 times the loose biomass bulk density, and were stronger than briquettes from the individual materials. Considering average values from two biomass sources, an unconfined compressive strength of 176 kPa was achieved at a compaction pressure of 31 MPa for a 3:7 blend of rice husks to corn cobs with 10% binder.These briquettes were durable, with only 4% mass loss during abrasion and 10% mass loss during shattering tests. They absorbed 36% less water than loose corn cobs. Statistical analysis of the results showed that starch and water addition was required for adequate briquette strength, but significantly reduced green and relaxed densities. The source of the biomass had a significant effect on densification, which emphasises the need to understand factors underlying biomass variability.

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Section: Rice Husks and Corn Cobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of operating variables on durability of fuel briquettes from rice husks and corn cobs

Muazu

Stegemann

2015

Fuel Processing Technology

124

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“…Although most sugar refineries combust the bagasse to support the energy demand of the plant, excess amounts of this high calorific residue still remain unutilised. Table 1 compares energy, ash and moisture contents, bulk density, porosity, water absorption and composition of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse, as gathered from sources in the literature [4,5,6,7,8,9,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The total annual generation of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse has an estimated energy content of 16 EJ, which represents about 2.9% of the world total primary energy consumption [20].…”

Section: Rice Husks Corn Cobs and Bagassementioning

confidence: 99%

Biosolids and microalgae as alternative binders for biomass fuel briquetting

Muazu

Stegemann

2017

Fuel

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Binders can be employed to improve the particle adhesion, compressive strength, abrasion resistance and energy content of densified biomass, such as briquettes. They may also reduce the energy cost of producing such briquettes, by reducing the compaction pressure, conditioning temperature and the wear on production equipment.This study explored and compared the effects of three different binders, including starch, enhanced treated biosolids and microalgae, on density, durability, energy content and combustion characteristics of fuel briquettes produced from blends of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse, in a multilevel factorial design experiment.Briquettes had relaxed unit densities of 1.9 to 3.3 times the loose biomass bulk density, and were stronger than briquettes from the individual materials, with an average unconfined compressive strength of 125 kPa. An unconfined compressive strength of 175 kPa was achieved for a 2:4:1 blend of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse with the microalgae binder at a compaction pressure of 31 MPa. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the addition of biosolids and microalgae binders significantly improved briquette density, while the addition of starch reduced briquette density, and biosolids reduced briquette strength.Of all the briquettes produced with the three binders, those containing the microalgae binder were found to be most durable, with a higher energy value, slower mass loss during briquette combustion, and a higher afterglow time. Since microalgae may be grown using CO2 from biomass combustion, discovery of their advantages as a binder in briquetting is particularly welcome.

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“…The use of biotechnology to make farm wastes utilizable through degrading of their cell wall components has been extensively reported [3,4,5]. Some appreciable improvement in nutrient contents and amino acid profiles of some fibrous farm wastes namely, rice husk, corn cobs and cassava peels subjected to solid state fermentation (SSF) have been reported, which gave increment of about 20% crude protein, 25% metabolizable energy, 30% nitrogen free extract, with about 0.3% significant decrease in crude fibre content [4,5,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate composition and amino acid profile of rice husk biodegraded with Pleurotus ostreatus for different periods

Dairo¹,

Ogunlade²,

Oluwasola³

2017

AJFAND

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Native rice husk (NRH) was fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus for 7, 14 and 21 days to improve the nutritional values. The proximate composition and amino acid profiles were determined. The results showed that crude fibre (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the NRH (with values 13.37%,42.93%, 17.45% and13.42%, respectively) while corresponding lowest values of 12.14%, 34.26%, 12.27% and 12.41% were obtained in the 14 days samples. Crude protein (CP) was significantly highest (p<0.05) in the 7 days fermentation (12.37%) but lowest in the 21 days (7.94%). The nitrogen free extract (NFE) values were similar and higher (p<0.05) in the NRH (control), 7 and 21 days fermentation that is 42.93%, 40.37% and 39.53%, respectively. The calculated metabolizable energy (ME) was similar and higher (p<0.05) for the fermented native rice husk at 7, 14 and 21 days that is 2289.19, 2308.77 and 2328.59 kcal/kg, respectively. Dry matter (DM), ash, calcium and phosphorous values were not influenced (p<0.05) by the fungi treatment of the NRH. Essential amino acids (EAA) values viz; lysine (4.94 g/100g), valine (7.34 g/100g), threonine (4.81 g/100g), isoleucine (4.83 g/100g) and phenylalanine (5.59 g/100g) were higher (p<0.05) in the 14 days fermentation with p. ostreatus while others that are non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in this group include alanine (7.06 g/100g) and tyrosine (4.12 g/100g). Glycine (6.02 g/100g), serine (5.18 g/100g), proline (4.85 g/100g), leucine (7.44 g/100g), glutamate (14.54 g/100g) and arginine (8.51 g/100g) values were higher (p<0.05) in the 21 days while aspartate (8.70 g/100g), histidine (2.37 g/100g), methionine (2.69 g/100g), tyrosine (4.20 g/100g) and cystine (2.09 g/100g) were higher (p<0.05) in the 7 days treatment. All the amino acids with the exception of glycine, alanine and aspartate had lowest (p<0.05) values recorded in the native rice husk. The total amino acids (TAA), total essential amino acids (TEAA), total non-essential amino acids (TNEAA) were all significantly higher in the 7 days fermentation (95.43, 45.01 and 50.42, respectively) and the lowest values in the NRH. Percent EAA followed the same trend while %NEAA was highest in the NRH. Fermentation of native rice husk for 7 days improved its nutritive value and consequently increased its usage as a component of livestock feed.

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Nutritional improvement of rice husks

Cited by 50 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of operating variables on durability of fuel briquettes from rice husks and corn cobs

Effects of operating variables on durability of fuel briquettes from rice husks and corn cobs

Biosolids and microalgae as alternative binders for biomass fuel briquetting

Proximate composition and amino acid profile of rice husk biodegraded with Pleurotus ostreatus for different periods

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