Nutritional Intake Status according to the Risk of Diabetic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake status, according to the risk of diabetic complications in Type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis study that included 83 patients. The nutritional intake was assessed, using 24-hour dietary recall. The risk of diabetic complications was measured, using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire (MNSIQ). The nutritional intake was analyzed using the CAN-pro 4.0 program. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Independent t-test, using the SPSS WIN 26.0 program. Results:The mean FRS and MNSIQ scores for the participants was 14.46± 4.09 and 2.30± 2.22, respectively. Thirty two participants (38.6%) were in the high-risk groups for cardiovascular disease and peripheral neuropathy. The participants consumed high amounts of grain and low amounts of vegetables, fruits, and dairy products when compared to the recommended intake. However, the nutritional intake did not differ according to FRS or MNSIQ levels. Consumption of vegetables and fruits were significantly different between high and low risk groups of MNSIQ. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the composition of dietary intake to improve the imbalanced diet in Type 2 diabetes patients and prevent diabetic complications. Type 2 diabetes patients should reduce the intake of grains and sodium, and increase vegetable intake. More deliberate future studies are needed, to investigate the relationship between food intake and the risk status for diabetic complication.

Data‐driven approach to predicting the risk of pressure injury: A retrospective analysis based on changes in patient conditions

“…This may be because patients with persistently poor nutritional status in the ICU are vulnerable to new pressure injuries, which may increase their risk of death. In a previous study, early albumin administration and aggressive administration of nutrition in patients with low serum albumin levels helped improve their condition and prevented pressure injuries (Allen, 2013;Lee & Park, 2016). Thus, a nutritional assessment upon ICU admission is necessary to identify any nutrition-related problems and to accordingly manage nutrition, especially for patients with a maintained albumin level of <3 g/dL.…”

“…A pressure injury (PI) refers to impaired skin integrity caused by tissue ischemia resulting from disturbed blood flow to the tissue due to continuous pressure on the skin or compression of the skin surface or bone protrusions (NPIAP, 2023), and in recent years, pressure injuries caused by medical devices or equipment are included as well (EPUAP, NPIAP, & PPPIA, 2019). In the intensive care unit (ICU), the incidence of pressure injuries is higher (11.4%–62.4%) (Lee & Park, 2016; Sayan et al, 2020; VanGilder et al, 2021) than in medical‐surgical units (8.7%–11.9%) (Sternal et al, 2017; VanGilder et al, 2021). A South Korean study reported a 47.3% incidence of a PI between 4 and 15 days after ICU admission, and changes in patient conditions during a prolonged stay in the ICU were considered responsible for these pressure injuries (Park et al, 2019).…”

“…Numerous studies investigating the factors associated with pressure injuries in the ICU recommend nurses assess patients' clinical features in addition to using PI assessment tools (Samuriwo & Dowding, 2014; Theeranut et al, 2021); however, these studies only analysed at ICU admission (Kwak & Kang, 2015) or at 10th day in ICU (Lee & Park, 2014) risk factors from an arbitrarily chosen time point and only analysed the nutritional status (Lee & Park, 2014, 2016) or biochemical blood parameters (Bazaliński et al, 2021).…”

“…Considering that a patient's condition can fluctuate following ICU admission, pressure injuries should be prevented by observing changes based on objective data, such as vital signs and haematological data, as opposed to relying on nurses' subjective judgement (Lee & Park, 2016).…”