Nutritional interventions for autism spectrum disorder

Karhu, Elisa; Zukerman, Ryan; Eshraghi, Rebecca S.; Mittal, Jeenu; Deth, Richard C.; Castejón, Ana M.; Trivedi, Malav Suchin; Mittal, Rahul; Eshraghi, Adrien A.

doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuz092

Cited by 79 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Different types of nutritional dietary approaches in ASD are reported, such as gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diet; the gut and psychology syndrome (GAPS) diet, ketogenic or specific carbohydrate diets. Popular food supplements include probiotics, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and vitamins A, C, B6, and B12; magnesium or folate [25]. There is limited information about associations of GI and feeding problems with dietary interventions and supplement use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Feeding Problems and Their Associations with Dietary Interventions, Food Supplement Use, and Behavioral Characteristics in a Sample of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Babinská

Celušáková

Belica

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted, stereotyped behavior. Gastrointestinal (GI), nutritional, and feeding problems are often reported in ASD. We investigated the prevalence of GI symptoms, food selectivity, and mealtime difficulties, and their associations with dietary interventions, food supplement use, and behavioral characteristics in a sample involving 247 participants with ASD and 267 controls aged 2–18 years. Data were collected by a questionnaire. GI symptoms were observed in 88.9% of children and adolescents with ASD, more often in girls than in boys. High rates of food selectivity (69.1%) and mealtime problems (64.3%) were found. Food supplements were used by 66.7% of individuals, mainly vitamins/minerals, probiotics, and omega-3 fatty acids. In the ASD sample, 21.2% of subjects followed a diet, mostly based on gluten and milk restriction, including individuals exhibiting food selectivity. Frequency of GI symptoms, food selectivity, and mealtime problems correlated weakly, but significantly with behavioral characteristics in the ASD group, but not with food supplement use. The study demonstrated that higher frequency of GI symptoms, food selectivity, and mealtime problems are a common problem in pre-schoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents with ASD, and together with dietary modification, they are significantly associated with ASD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Feeding Problems and Their Associations with Dietary Interventions, Food Supplement Use, and Behavioral Characteristics in a Sample of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Babinská

Celušáková

Belica

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…In another attempt, gluten free foods decreased inflammatory grade and improved the ASD phenotype. However, only part of the subjects shows improvement, while others fail to observe a benefit [162,163]. These different studies using different diets suggest that a specific nutrient or compound could be at play.…”

Section: Others: Dementia Depression Mental Health…mentioning

confidence: 99%

<em>Mens sana in corpore sano:</em> Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play?

Carneiro¹,

Leloup²

2020

Preprint

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Although diet interventions are mostly related to metabolic disorders, nowadays they are used in wide variety of pathologies. From diabetes and obesity to cardiovascular diseases, through cancer or neurological disorders and stroke, nutritional recommendations applied to almost all diseases. Among those disorders, metabolic disturbances and brain function and/or diseases have recently been shown to be linked. Indeed, numerous neurological functions are often associated with perturbations of whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, specific diets are used in various neurological conditions such as epilepsy, stroke, or seizure recovery. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease or Autism Spectrum Disorders are also considered as putatively improved by diet intervention. Glycemic index diets are a novel developed indicator expected to anticipate the changes in blood glucose induced by specific foods, and how they can affect various physiological function. Several results provide indications of efficiency of low glycemic index diets in weight management, insulin sensitivity, but also cognitive function, epilepsy treatment, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, studies involving glycemic index could provide new insight in the relationship between energy homeostasis regulation and brain function or related disorders. Therefore, in this review we will summarize main evidences on glycemic index involvement in brain mechanisms of energy homeostasis regulation.

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“…Since the role of the gut microbiota in GI diseases is increasingly recognized, interest in interventions that can modulate the microbiota and its interactions with its host have been investigated [131]. When dysbiosis occurs in disorders like IBS and ASD, the combination of diet, prebiotics, and probiotics may represent a low-risk potential therapeutic solution to sustain a healthy microbiome or to restore balance [131][132][133][134]. Although, the exact mechanisms of the effects of probiotics in the human body are not fully understood, it has been shown that probiotic supplements improve IBS and gastrointestinal disorder symptoms through manipulation of the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Potential Effect Of Probiotics To Treat Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abdellatif

McVeigh

Bendriss

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) have been reported repeatedly in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and studies have reported interesting correlations between severity of behavioral and gastrointestinal symptoms. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota in ASD is altered with various shifts described at different taxonomic levels, pointing to the importance of considering the gut–brain axis in treatment of these disorders. Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria that are ingested as food or customized pills. These beneficial bacteria, when added in sufficient amounts, can correct the dysbiosis. Because probiotics have shown success in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is plausible to investigate whether they can induce alleviation of behavioral symptoms as well. Probiotics show, in some clinical studies, their potential benefits (1) in improving gastrointestinal dysfunction, (2) in correcting dysbiosis, (3) in consequently reducing the severity of ASD symptoms. This review compiles data from selected studies that investigate these benefits and the mechanisms that mediate these effects, which include the production of metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters and the regulation of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. Future research based on more randomized, controlled studies with a larger population size and standardized use of strains, concentration of probiotics, duration of treatments, and methods of DNA extraction is still needed in this area, which may lead to more robust results.

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Nutritional interventions for autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 79 publications

References 146 publications

Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Feeding Problems and Their Associations with Dietary Interventions, Food Supplement Use, and Behavioral Characteristics in a Sample of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Feeding Problems and Their Associations with Dietary Interventions, Food Supplement Use, and Behavioral Characteristics in a Sample of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

<em>Mens sana in corpore sano:</em> Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play?

The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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