Nutritional management of patients during and after COVID-19 illness

Holdoway, Anne

doi:10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.sup8.s6

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, a wide range of symptoms of COVID-19 can negatively interfere with dietary behavior. As reported by Holdoway [ 42 ], common symptoms of COVID-19 infection that can affect food intake include: Breathing difficulties that might limit what patients can eat or drink, such as cough, and shortness of breath; air trapping or early satiety, caused by gulping for air while swallowing and dry mouth due to the impaired nasal breathing, use of inhalers and oxygen therapy; Smell or taste loss which can decrease appetite and desire to eat food; Increased body temperature which boosts nutritional needs and inflammatory response, reduces appetite, and contributes to muscle loss; Feeling of tiredness, which impairs patient’s ability to carry out normal daily activities. …”

Section: Covid-19 and Undernutritionsupporting

confidence: 58%

The Role of Nutrition in the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 disease, is posing unprecedent challenges. In the literature, increasing evidence highlights how malnutrition negatively affects the immune system functionality, impairing protection from infections. The current review aims to summarize the complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and nutritional status and the effects of malnutrition in terms of disease severity, patients’ recovery time, incidence of complications and mortality rate. Current studies evaluating the possibility of modulating nutrition and supplementation in combination with pharmacological treatments in the clinical setting to prevent, support, and overcome infection are also described. The discussion of the most recent pertinent literature aims to lay the foundations for making reasonable assumptions and evaluations for a nutritional “best practice” against COVID-19 pandemic and for the definition of sound cost-effective strategies to assist healthcare systems in managing patients and individuals in their recovery from COVID-19.

show abstract

Section: Covid-19 and Undernutritionsupporting

confidence: 58%

The Role of Nutrition in the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This should not only include advice to increase calorie intake, but also to ensure adequate protein, vitamin, and mineral intakes [102]. Establishing protein requirements and ensuring that the protein supply be divided among all meals and snacks is of paramount importance [103]. In these patients, dietary recommendations should include oral nutritional supplements (ONS), especially when the diet alone would not be sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements posed by the developing sarcopenia [102].…”

Section: Covid-19-related Acute Sarcopeniatowards Prevention and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID-19 acute sarcopenia: physiopathology and management

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this review, we discuss the pathophysiologic and management aspects of acute sarcopenia in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 is as a multi-organ infectious disease characterized by a severe inflammatory and highly catabolic status, influencing the deep changes in the body build, especially the amount, structure, and function of skeletal muscles which would amount to acutely developed sarcopenia. Acute sarcopenia may largely impact patients’ in-hospital prognosis as well as the vulnerability to the post-COVID-19 functional and physical deterioration. The individual outcome of the COVID-19 and the degree of muscle mass and functional loss may be influenced by multiple factors, including the patient’s general pre-infection medical and functional condition, especially in older adults. This paper gathers the information about how the SARS-CoV-2 hyper-inflammatory involvement exacerbates the immunosenescence process, enhances the endothelial damage, and due to mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy, induces myofibrillar breakdown and muscle degradation. The aftermath of these acute and complex immunological SARS-CoV-2-related phenomena, augmented by anosmia, ageusia and altered microbiota may lead to decreased food intake and exacerbated catabolism. Moreover, the imposed physical inactivity, lock-down, quarantine or acute hospitalization with bedrest would intensify the acute sarcopenia process. All these deleterious mechanisms must be swiftly put to a check by a multidisciplinary approach including nutritional support, early physical as well cardio-pulmonary rehabilitation, and psychological support and cognitive training. The proposed holistic and early management of COVID-19 patients appears essential to minimize the disastrous functional outcomes of this disease and allow avoiding the long COVID-19 syndrome.

show abstract

“…Among other general symptoms, the high prevalence of fatigue and weakness directly suggests involvement of negative changes in skeletal muscle mass and function [183,184]. Persistent, residual alterations in taste and smell may also interfere with food intake [131,133]. These complaints importantly are reported not only in persons recovering from severe COVID-19 disease and ICU stays, but also in non-ICU and non-hospitalized patients [183,184].…”

Section: Hospitalized Persons With Obesity With Covid-19 Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional management of individuals with obesity and COVID-19: ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemics has created unprecedented challenges and threats to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Acute respiratory complications that require intensive care unit (ICU) management are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Among other important risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, obesity has emerged along with undernutrition-malnutrition as a strong predictor of disease risk and severity. Obesity-related excessive body fat may lead to respiratory, metabolic and immune derangements potentially favoring the onset of COVID-19 complications. In addition, patients with obesity may be at risk for loss of skeletal muscle mass, reflecting a state of hidden malnutrition with a strong negative health impact in all clinical settings. Also importantly, obesity is commonly associated with micronutrient deficiencies that directly influence immune function and infection risk. Finally, the pandemic-related lockdown, deleterious lifestyle changes and other numerous psychosocial consequences may worsen eating behaviors, sedentarity, body weight regulation, ultimately leading to further increments of obesity-associated metabolic complications with loss of skeletal muscle mass and higher non-communicable disease risk. Therefore, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies should be routinely included in the management of COVID-19 patients in the presence of obesity; lockdown-induced health risks should also be specifically monitored and prevented in this population. In the current document, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) aims at providing clinical practice guidance for nutritional management of COVID-19 patients with obesity in various clinical settings.

show abstract

Nutritional management of patients during and after COVID-19 illness

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

The Role of Nutrition in the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Role of Nutrition in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Post-COVID-19 acute sarcopenia: physiopathology and management

Nutritional management of individuals with obesity and COVID-19: ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About