Nutritional Modulators of Sleep Disorders

Abstract

Abstract:Background: Clinical evidence indicates that insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality appear to be common consequences of shift work. These rhythms appear to have independent influence on the function of the endocrine system, circadian brain function and gastrointestinal tract. Insufficient sleep and its poor quality due to shift work interfere with beta cells, leptin and ghrelin functioning, resulting in factors for the development and exacerbation of insulin resistance. Human studies found that insufficient sleep alters the levels of leptin and ghrelin, two hormones involved in the regulation of appetite and body fat. Leptin, released by fat cells, signals the brain to feel satiety. Ghrelin, produced in the stomach, signals hunger. Investigations reported that temporarily sleep-deprived individuals experienced hormonal changes along with greater cravings for sweet and fatty foods. A further reason for their cravings is related to the stress hormone cortisol, which can rise with sleep deprivation and contribute to hunger. In addition to altered hormone levels, people who stay awake longer have more opportunity to eat, and late-night eating often includes high-caloric foods. Weight gain is only one of the many side effects of insufficient sleep, but it can lead to long-term health problems, including diabetes. Although more sleep will not automatically result in weight loss, sufficient sleep and a regular sleep schedule are critical in controlling appetite and promoting a healthy eating pattern. Research on sleep and appetite reveals a consistent link between a lower amount of sleep and a higher body mass index (BMI), a ratio of weight-to-height that indicates overweight. Studies showed those who slept less than eight hours a night were more likely to be overweight. Methods: Internet search and discussion with colleagues.Results: Recent research indicates that disruption of sleep can influence food intake and food and nutrients can influence sleep. There is evidence that high protein and carbohydrates meals can influence moods, attention and concentration among normal adult subjects with respect to age, gender and meal time. Women reported greater sleepiness after two hours of carbohydrate meal as opposed to a protein meal. On the other hand men reported greater calmness after a carbohydrate as opposed to a protein meal. Age of subjects may also influence the response to meals. After a carbohydrate or protein rich breakfast, persons older than 40 years felt more tense and less calm with a protein-rich than carbohydraterich meal. In general older subjects preferred carbohydrate than protein meals. Carbohydrate meals are also reported to impair objective performance; carbohydrate rich foods either in breakfast or lunch have exhibited negative influence on neural response such as impaired objective performance and poor sustained attention. A meal consumed close to bedtime is associated with sleep disturbances. Further, solid foods as well as large meals may cause more sleepiness than liquid foods. Studies...

Patient Experience Pre-Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol: A Qualitative Investigation

“…28 Adopting protected mealtimes and/or on-demand food service systems ensures adequate, supported meals and snacks while designated rest periods with low lighting and noise allow for sleep and recuperation. 29 There are several limitations to our study that should be considered. To reduce the impact of measurement bias, the primary researcher was rigorously trained in interviewing techniques from piloting to detect flaws in the interview questions.…”

“… 28 Adopting protected mealtimes and/or on-demand food service systems ensures adequate, supported meals and snacks while designated rest periods with low lighting and noise allow for sleep and recuperation. 29 …”

Hubungan Status Gizi dan Gangguan Tidur pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Tikala Manado

“…Pada penelitian sebelumnya disebutkan bahwa defisiensi vitamin dan mineral seperti vitamin B6 dapat menyebabkan stres psikologis dan gangguan tidur; vitamin B12 dapat memperbaiki gejala gangguan siklus tidur-bangun; defisiensi zat besi diduga penyebab restlegs syndrome yaitu gangguan yang ditandai dengan sensasi yang tidak normal pada kaki sehingga dapat menyebabkan kesulitan memulai tidur. 12 Pada penelitian ini tidak dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kadar zat tersebut, melainkan hanya dilakukan pengukuran terhadap status gizi responden penelitian.…”

“…Bayi yang pemenuhan nutrisinya kurang mengalami gangguan tidur yang lebih banyak daripada bayi yang pemenuhan nutrisi lebih. 12 Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan peneliti, status ekonomi masyarakat di daerah penelitian mayoritas menengah ke bawah, dan orang tua responden banyak yang bekerja sebagai buruh dan pembantu rumah tangga. Hal ini dapat berdampak kurangnya perhatian orang tua terhadap waktu tidur anak yang tidak teratur.…”