Nutritional needs in the professional practice of swimming: a review

Domínguez, Raúl; Sánchez-Oliver, Antonio Jesús; Cuenca, E; Jiménez, Pablo Jodrá; Silva, Sandro Fernandes da; Mata-Ordóñez, Fernando

doi:10.20463/jenb.2017.1

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Dietary requirements for swimmers are dependent on swimming style (i.e., freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke, or butterfly), competitive distances (e.g., 50–800 metres), training requirements, and competition phase [ 17 , 18 ]. A study of dietary intake in adolescent swimmers identified low intakes of several nutrients, especially calcium and vitamin D and high intakes of total fat and saturated fat, which may adversely impact performance and increase the risk for chronic diseases [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study examined athletes involved in a weight-bearing (i.e., aesthetic group; aesthetic components are judged) and a non-weight-bearing (i.e., non-aesthetic group; aesthetic components are not judged) sport. Both groups of athletes are faced with the problem of a predominantly indoor institutionalized lifestyle and have special dietary requirements [ 9 , 18 ]. In the previous paper on these participants, we demonstrated that bone mineral density between these two groups differs despite no detectable differences in serum 25 (OH) D or calcium concentrations (S–Ca) [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes

Jakše

Mis

et al. 2021

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. Nutritional status is important for health and competitive achievement. This area remains understudied among elite-level female athletes and is appropriate for research. We examined nutritional status and cardiovascular health markers of two groups of female athletes of the same age and competition period, involved in weight-bearing and a non-weight-bearing sport: gymnasts (n = 17) and swimmers (n = 14); mean age 17.4 and 16.6 years. Methods. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed by bioelectrical impedance and Food Frequency Questionnaire. The concentrations of serum micronutrients (B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D), calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and iron), blood lipids, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Setting and Participants. A cross-sectional study of 31 athletes from Slovenia. Results. Gymnasts had higher body mass index (21.5 vs. 20.1 kg/m2, p = 0.043 ) and lower fat free mass (42.4 vs. 46.6 kg, p = 0.024 ) than swimmers and comparable body fat percentage (22.5 vs. 22.8%). Both groups had low intake of carbohydrates, fibre, polyunsaturated fats, protein (only gymnasts), and micronutrients (11/13 micronutrients gymnasts and 4/13 swimmers) and high intake of free sugars and saturated fats. Both groups also had significantly lower-than-recommended serum levels of 25 (OH) D. All cardiovascular risk factors were within recommended ranges. Gymnasts had higher LDL cholesterol (2.7 vs. 2.2 mmol/L, p < 0.011 ), and swimmers had higher systolic BP (126 vs. 107 mmHg, p < 0.001 ). Conclusions. Dietary intake especially in gymnasts was suboptimal, which may reflect in anthropometric and cardiovascular marker differences between gymnasts and swimmers.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes

Jakše

Mis

et al. 2021

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, taking into account the recommendations on FI by Domínguez et al [ 25 ] concerning the nutritional needs of swimmers, indicating an optimal water/fluid intake of 150% of the amount of FL during training, the amount of fluids consumed during training in the examined athletes seems to be acceptable for both females and males. Although these values are less than about 150% of the water lost through sweat, this demand does not have to be covered during training only; it can be done after a training unit as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In our study, the average FI per training unit was about 531 mL for the entire study group (~469 mL for females and ~574 mL for males). In this range, it corresponded on average to 69% (and 110% and 56.8%, respectively) in relation to the recommendations in this field [ 25 ]. Nevertheless, the amount of fluids usually taken by swimmers had an effect on the BW of the athletes after training, which, in the case of the whole group, was comparable to that before training (in the case of females, it was on average 0.2 kg higher; in the case of males, it was 0.1 kg lower).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The results of Broad et al [ 31 ] show that the average FL during training in summer was about 1371 mL/h for basketball players and 985 mL/h for football players. Although training in a water environment, according to the opinions of some coaches and athletes, apparently seems to have less impact on the disturbance of optimal hydration of swimmers than the training of players of other disciplines performed in a land environment, it is still fundamental to properly and regularly hydrate swimmers before, during and after training, as emphasized by the authors of the current recommendations [ 25 ]. This thesis also seems to be confirmed by the important relationship observed in this study between the TBW before training and the actual FL in young swimmers (in the whole group and the group of males), where higher TBW correlated with higher FL during exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Fluid Loss and Customary Fluid Intake among a Selected Group of Young Swimmers: A Preliminary Field Study

Wiśniewski¹,

Śliwicka²,

Malik³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to assess fluid loss (FL) and customary fluid intake (FI) during a training session, and the relationship between FL and total body water (TBW) content in a selected group of young swimmers. The study involved 17 (seven females, 10 males) individuals whose anthropometric and body composition analyses and FI during training units were carried out. The total average FI and total actual FL oscillated around 531 mL and −513 mL for the whole study group (469 mL and −284 mL for females, 574 mL and −674 mL for males). The dependent and independent sample t-tests, the Cohen’s d effect size and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were analysed. Significant differences were observed between pre-workout and post-workout body weights after training without FI in the whole group (66.5 kg vs. 66.0 kg, p < 0.001, d = 0.06), in females (61.2 kg vs. 60.9 kg, p = 0.015, d = 0.04) and males (70.3 kg vs. 69.6 kg, p < 0.001, d = 0.9). For the TBW content and fat-free mass (FFM) before and after training, significant differences were observed only in males (TBW: 43.8 L vs. 43.2 L, p = 0.002, d = 0.14; and 62.4% vs. 61.7%, p < 0.001, d = 0.36; FFM: 59.8 kg vs. 59.1 kg, p = 0.002, d = 0.12). Moreover, the relationship between the actual FL and TBW before training was observed in the whole (mL vs. %: r = −0.64, p = 0.006; mL vs. L: r = −0.84, p < 0.001) and the male group (mL vs. L: r = −0.73, p = 0.017). These results indicated FL in young swimmers during training and the relationship between FL and pre-training TBW content, which suggests that it is important to also pay special attention to effective hydration procedures before and during training in aquatic environments.

show abstract

Ergogenic Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Middle-, But Not Short-Distance Swimming Tests: A Meta-Analysis

Grgić

Mikulić

2021

Journal of Dietary Supplements

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nutritional needs in the professional practice of swimming: a review

Cited by 6 publications

References 92 publications

Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes

Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes

Evaluation of Fluid Loss and Customary Fluid Intake among a Selected Group of Young Swimmers: A Preliminary Field Study

Ergogenic Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Middle-, But Not Short-Distance Swimming Tests: A Meta-Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About