Nutritional neuropathies

Gwathmey, Kelly; Grogan, James

doi:10.1002/mus.26783

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 216 publications

(426 reference statements)

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“…Less frequently, AIG patients may complain of neurological symptoms such as paresthesia, abnormal proprioception, numbness, ataxia, cognitive impairment, mood disorders, and psychosis. Neurological symptoms are consequences of vitamin B 12 deficiency, due to an impairment of sensory and peripheral nerve function linked to a reduced production of succinyl coenzyme A, which is essential for myelin sheath structure [21,22]. Finally, concomitant autoimmune diseases, especially Hashimoto thyroiditis or a positive family history for AIG may contribute to increasing the suspicion of an AIG diagnosis.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations Of Autoimmune Gastrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Microbiota

2020

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Autoimmune atrophic gastritis is an organ-specific immune-mediated condition characterized by atrophy of the oxyntic mucosa. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) is characterized by a progressive loss of acid-secreting parietal cells leading to hypo-achlorhydria. Due to this peculiar intra-gastric environment, gastric microbiota composition in individuals with autoimmune atrophic gastritis was first supposed and then recently reported to be different from subjects with a normal acidic healthy stomach. Recent data confirm the prominent role of Helicobacter pylori as the main bacterium responsible for gastric disease and long-term complications. However, other bacteria than Helicobacter pylori, for example, Streptococci, were found in subjects who developed gastric cancer and in subjects at risk of this fearful complication, as well as those with autoimmune gastritis. Gastric microbiota composition is challenging to study due to the acidic gastric environment, the difficulty of obtaining representative samples of the entire gastric microbiota, and the possible contamination by oral or throat microorganisms, which can potentially lead to the distortion of the original gastric microbial composition, but innovative molecular approaches based on the analysis of the hyper-variable region of the 16S rRNA gene have been developed, permitting us to obtain an overall microbial composition view of the RNA gene that is present only in prokaryotic cells.

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Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations Of Autoimmune Gastrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Microbiota

2020

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“…Interestingly, a simple test based on the measure of the limits of equilibrium is able to discriminate between motor and sensory neuropathies, dependent on the exerted force necessary to reach the limits of stability. 110,173 Nutritional deficiencies represent a frequent source of complex neuropathies, 174 and should be carefully considered because of the overlapping of the clinical picture with other disorders and with balance problems in the elderly. 175 Recent reviews have addressed the complex features of neuropathies, with a view on improving diagnosis and considering the possibility of counteracting their evolution.…”

Section: Hints From Neuropathiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous and muscular afferents from the foot and sensory fusion processing: Physiology and pathology in neuropathies

Felicetti

Thoumie

et al. 2021

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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The foot-sole cutaneous receptors (section 2), their function in stance control (sway minimisation, exploratory role) (2.1), and the modulation of their effects by gait pattern and intended behaviour (2.2) are reviewed. Experimental manipulations (anaesthesia, temperature) (2.3 and 2.4) have shown that information from foot sole has widespread influence on balance. Foot-sole stimulation (2.5) appears to be a promising approach for rehabilitation. Proprioceptive information (3) has a pre-eminent role in balance and gait. Reflex responses to balance perturbations are produced by both leg and foot muscle stretch (3.1) and show complex interactions with skin input at both spinal and supra-spinal levels (3.2), where sensory feedback is modulated by posture, locomotion and vision. Other muscles, notably of neck and trunk, contribute to kinaesthesia and sense of orientation in space (3.3). The effects of age-related decline of afferent input are variable under different foot-contact and visual conditions (3.4). Muscle force diminishes with age and sarcopenia, affecting intrinsic foot muscles relaying relevant feedback (3.5). In neuropathy (4), reduction in cutaneous sensation accompanies the diminished density of viable receptors (4.1). Loss of footsole input goes along with large-fibre dysfunction in intrinsic foot muscles. Diabetic patients have an elevated risk of falling, and vision and vestibular compensation strategies may be inadequate (4.2). From Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A disease (4.3) we have become aware of the role of spindle group II fibres and of the anatomical feet conditions in balance control. Lastly (5) we touch on the effects of nerve stimulation onto cortical and spinal excitability, which may participate in plasticity processes, and on exercise interventions to reduce the impact of neuropathy.

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“…Particularly, among the nutritive neuropathies rare forms are known. Nutritive neuropathies are most frequently length-dependent, sensory neuropathies with the exception of vitamin-B12 deficiency neuropathy [ 11 ]. While diabetic and uremic neuropathies are highly prevalent, most of the other metabolic neuropathies are rare.…”

Section: Acquired Neuropathiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, methyl-malonate and homocysteine can be also increased in hypothyroidism, renal insufficiency, hypovolemia, vitamin-B6 deficiency, or in patients with heterozygous homocysteinemia [ 16, 17 ]. Contrary to other nutrition neuropathies, vitamin-B12-deficiency manifests with a length-independent, sensory neuropathy [ 11 ]. Patients with vitamin-B12-deficiency usually present with concomitant myelopathy [ 11 ].…”

Section: Acquired Neuropathiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orphan Peripheral Neuropathies

Finsterer

Löscher

Wanschitz

et al. 2020

Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases

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Objectives: Generally, neuropathies of peripheral nerves are a frequent condition (prevalence 2–3%) and most frequently due to alcoholism, diabetes, renal insufficiency, malignancy, toxins, or drugs. However, the vast majority of neuropathies has orphan status. This review focuses on the etiology, frequency, diagnosis, and treatment of orphan neuropathies. Methods: Literature review Results: Rareness of diseases is not uniformly defined but in the US an orphan disease is diagnosed if the prevalence is <1:200000, in Europe if <5:10000. Most acquired and hereditary neuropathies are orphan diseases. Often the causative variant has been reported only in a single patient or family, particularly the ones that are newly detected (e.g. SEPT9, SORD). Among the complex neuropathies (hereditary multisystem disorders with concomitant neuropathies) orphan forms have been reported among mitochondrial disorders (e.g. NARP, MNGIE, SANDO), spinocerebellar ataxias (e,g, TMEM240), hereditary spastic paraplegias (e.g UBAP1), lysosomal storage disease (e.g. Schindler disease), peroxisomal disorders, porphyrias, and other types (e.g. giant axonal neuropathy, Tangier disease). Orphan acquired neuropathies include the metabolic neuropathies (e.g. vitamin-B1, folic acid), toxic neuropathies (e.g. copper, lithium, lead, arsenic, thallium, mercury), infectious neuropathies, immune-mediated (e.g. Bruns-Garland syndrome), and neoplastic/paraneoplastic neuropathies. Conclusions: Though orphan neuropathies are rare per definition they constitute the majority of neuropathies and should be considered as some of them are easy to identify and potentially treatable, as clarification of the underlying cause may contribute to the knowledge about etiology and pathophysiology of these conditions, and as the true prevalence may become obvious only if all ever diagnosed cases are reported.

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Nutritional neuropathies

Cited by 55 publications

References 216 publications

Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Microbiota

Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Microbiota

Cutaneous and muscular afferents from the foot and sensory fusion processing: Physiology and pathology in neuropathies

Orphan Peripheral Neuropathies

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