Nutritional, phytochemical compositions and natural therapeutic values of citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides): A Review

Nkoana, D.K.; Mashilo, Jacob; Shimelis, Hussein; Ngwepe, Richard Mantlo

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2020.12.008

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…For instance, fresh succulent leaves of citron watermelon are cooked and consumed as leafy vegetable in Africa. The fully developed yellow‐ and orange‐fleshed fruits are consumed un‐/cooked, whereas the seed are roasted for human consumption or processed for use as chicken feed (Ngwepe et al, 2019; Nkoana et al, 2021). Therefore, leaf, plant, fruit and seed attributes are important selection criteria for citron watermelon breeding and breeding programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In SSA, yellow and orange‐fleshed fruit types are preferred to prepare traditional dishes and to deriving cash income. Yellow and orange‐fleshed types are used to develop value‐added products such as jam and pickles (Van Wyk, 2011) and traditional dishes such as ‘Kgodu’ and ‘Mokgapu’ (Ngwepe et al, 2019; Nkoana et al, 2021). Accessions such as WWM14, WWM16, WWM39, WWM64, WWM67, WWM76 and WWM79 identified in the present study were high yielding and recorded total fruit yield per plant of ˃80 kg, which translates to total fruit yield of 331, 493, 326.26, 346.84, 336.88, 321.76 and 347.24 tons/ha (i.e., extrapolated from a total of 4000 plants per hectare), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the nutritional, socio‐economic importance and breeding value of citron watermelon, the crop is underutilized and its economic value is not fully realized and exploited for food, medicine and commercial applications in SSA (Mashilo et al, 2016, 2017; Ngwepe et al, 2019). As a result, there are no improved varieties released and commercialized for production, processing or value adding (Ngwepe et al, 2021; Nkoana et al, 2021). Extensive genetic variation of citron watermelon is available in SSA to breed and release high‐yielding genotypes for production and commercialization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of the variance components, heritability and genetic gains of phenotypic traits in citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides)

2021

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The present study estimated variance components, heritability and genetic advance of phenotypic traits in citron watermelon to guide selection of superior genotypes for direct production and breeding. Thirty‐six citron watermelon landrace accessions were evaluated across two seasons using a 6 × 6 alpha lattice design with three replications. High broad‐sense heritability and genetic advance as per cent of the mean were recorded for fruit length at 83.86% and 4730.45%, seed length (77.73% and 1731.27%), hundred seed weight (73.73% and 4027.36%), fruit diameter (70.44% and 2949.64%) and fruit weight (70.39% and 8490.05%), respectively. Step‐wise regression analysis revealed marketable fruit yield (Myld) and total number of fruits per plant (TNFr) explained 89% (R2 = .89) of total variation for total fruit yield per plant (TFYld), whereas number of seed per fruit (NSPFr) and hundred seed weight (HSW) explained 92% (R2 = .92) of total variation for seed yield per fruit (SYPFr). Citron watermelon landrace accessions WWM03, WWM14, WWM16, WWM39, WWM65, WWM67 and WWM79 with high TFYld and SYPFr were selected for production or breeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of the variance components, heritability and genetic gains of phenotypic traits in citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides)

2021

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“…Under NS condition, the average growth rate of RSW was highest in WWM-76 (0.386 cm day -1 ) and lowest in WWM-15 (0.191 cm day -1 ) (Figure 2a). In Figure 2c, higher average growth rates of RSD (≥ 1.045 cm day -1 ) were recorded in WWM-76, WWM-41(A) and WWM-39, while lower rates (≤ 0.845 cm day -1 ) were recorded in WWM-68, WWM-15 and WWM-37 (2). Convex hull area of the root system increased at a higher rate (≥ 60.933 cm 2 day -1 ) in WWM-76, WWM-09 and WWM-41(A) compared to WWM-64, WWM-46 and WWM-68 (≤ 27.663 cm 2 day -1 ) (Figure 2e).…”

Section: Root Growth Of Citron Watermelon Accessions Under Non-stress...mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Bailey) is an important cucurbit crop grown for multiple purposes as human food and animal feed in many parts of Africa. For use as food, several plant parts of the crop are consumed, namely: fresh leaves, ripened fruit and seed which provide essential nutrients and phytochemical compounds [1][2][3]. The fresh or dried vines are used as feed for domesticated animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variability of Root System Architecture Traits for Drought Tolerance among Accessions of Citron Watermelon (<i>Citrullus Lanatus</i> Var. <i>Citroides</i> (L.H. Bailey)

Mandizvo¹,

Odindo²,

Mashilo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) is an extremely drought-tolerant cucurbit crop widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa in arid and semi-arid environments characterized by drought. The species is a C3 xerophyte used for multiple purposes, including intercropping with maize and has a deep taproot system. The deep taproot system plays a key role in the species’ adaptation to dry conditions. Understanding root system development of this crop could be useful in identifying traits for breeding water-use efficient and drought-tolerant varieties. This study compared root system architecture of citron watermelon accessions under water-stress conditions. Nine selected and drought-tolerant citron watermelon accessions were grown under non-stress (NS) and water stress (WS) conditions using the root rhizotron procedure in a glasshouse. The following root system architecture (RSA) traits were measured, namely: root system width (RSW), root system depth (RSD), convex hull area (CHA), total root length (TRL), root branch count (RBC), total root volume (TRV), leaf area (LA), leaf number (LN), first seminal root length (FSRL), seminal root angle (SRA), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), root–shoot mass ratio (RSM), root mass ratio (RMR), shoot mass ratio (SMR) and root tissue density (RTD). The data collected on RSA traits were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation and principal component analyses. ANOVA revealed a significant (p &lt; 0.05) accession × water stress interaction effect for studied RSA traits. Under WS, RDM exhibited significant and positive correlations with RSM (r = 0.65), RMR (r = 0.66), RSD (r = 0.66), TRL (r = 0.60), RBC (r = 0.72), FSRL (r = 0.73) and LN (r = 0.70). Principal component analysis revealed high loading scores for the following RSA traits: RSW (0.89), RSD (0.97), TRL (0.99), TRV (0.90), TRL (0.99), RMR (0.96) and RDM (0.76). In conclusion, the study has shown that the identified RSA traits could be useful in crop improvement programmes for citron watermelon genotypes with enhanced drought adaptation for improved yield performance under drought-prone environments.

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Identification and quantification of cucurbitacin in watermelon frost using molecular networking integrated with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

Liu

2023

J of Separation Science

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Watermelon frost, a traditional Chinese medicine produced using watermelon and Glauber's salt, has been widely used for the therapy of oral and throat disorders. Watermelon contains various phytochemical compounds including cucurbitacins and their glycoside derivatives, which have attracted considerable attention because of their medicinal values. However, whether the composition of cucurbitacins existed in watermelon frost was rarely reported. In this study, three cucurbitacins including cucurbitacin B, isocucurbitacin B, and cucurbitacin E were found from watermelon frost extract assisted by ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and molecular networking guided strategy, and the compounds were verified using standard solutions. Furthermore, a quantification method for simultaneously targeted analysis of cucurbitacins was established using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Among them, cucurbitacin B and cucurbitacin E in watermelon frost samples were determined, and the concentrations were 3.78 ± 0.18 and 0.86 ± 0.19 ng/ml, respectively. While isocucurbitacin B was not detected due to the lower content possibly. In conclusion, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with molecular networking is a very useful technique for the rapid identification of unknown cucurbitacin components in watermelon frost.

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Nutritional, phytochemical compositions and natural therapeutic values of citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides): A Review

Cited by 39 publications

References 123 publications

Estimates of the variance components, heritability and genetic gains of phenotypic traits in citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides)

Estimates of the variance components, heritability and genetic gains of phenotypic traits in citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides)

Phenotypic Variability of Root System Architecture Traits for Drought Tolerance among Accessions of Citron Watermelon (<i>Citrullus Lanatus</i> Var. <i>Citroides</i> (L.H. Bailey)

Identification and quantification of cucurbitacin in watermelon frost using molecular networking integrated with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

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