Nutritional potentialities of some tree leaves based on polyphenols and rumen in vitro gas production

Abstract

Aim:The study was conducted to evaluate eight tree leaves based on polyphenolic content and rumen in vitro incubation and gas production technique (RIVIGPT) for their nutritive potentiality.Materials and Methods:Eight selected tree leaves, namely Sesbania grandiflora, Melia dubia, Dillenia spp., Artocarpus heterophyllus, Commiphora caudata, Moringa oleifera, Leucaena leucocephala, and Acacia auriculiformis, were selected for proximate composition, forage fiber fractions, total phenolics (TPs), non-tannin phenols (NTPs), total tannins (TTs), condensed tannins (CTs), and hydrolysable tannins (HTs); RIVIGP with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG); and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (modified in vitro two stage) analysis was conducted. On the basis of RIVIGPT, the in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and dry matter intake (DMI) was calculated.Results:Crude protein (CP) content of tree leaves ranged from 9.59 to 25.81%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 28.16 to 53.33%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 21.26 to 41.7%, acid detergent lignin (ADL) 3.62 to 21.98%, TP 1.83 to 17.35%, TT 0.40 to 15.47%, and CTs 0.02 to 15.26%. IVDMD (%) was ranged from 64.95 to 88.12. The mean metabolizable energy (ME) (MJ/Kg) of tree leaves estimated with and without PEG was 7.75±0.56 and 8.75±0.39, in vitro gas production at 24 h (IVGP24) (ml) 31.06±4.14 and 37.09±2.64, initial gas production (a) (ml) 0.49±0.63 and 1.33±0.72, potential gas production (D) (ml) 38.74±4.27 and 43.79±2.44, rate of gas production (k) (h−1) 0.11±0.02 and 0.11±0.013, t1/2(ml) 9.81±2.41 and 7.42±0.80, in vitro gas production at 96 h IVGP96 (ml) 39.50±4.430 and 45.14±2.65, the predicted IVDOM (%) 55.44±4.15 and 61.98±3.03, and DMI (g/Kg W0.75) 103.1±14.76 and 104.3±10.16, respectively. The addition of PEG showed an improvement in IVGP24, IVGP96, ME, predicted IVDOM, and predicted DMI. CP was positively correlated with ME, IVGP24, IVGP96, a+b, k (r=0.749, p<0.05), IVDMD, IVDOM, and DMI (r=0.838, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with a and t1/2. NDF, ADF, and ADL contents were negatively correlated with ME (r=0.899, p<0.05), IVGP24 (r=−0.867, p<0.05), IVGP96 (r=−0.858, p<0.05), a+b (p<0.05), k (r=−0.828, p<0.05), IVDMD, IVDOM (r=−0.853, p<0.05), and DMI and positively correlated with a and t1/2. TP, TT, and CT were negatively correlated with ME, IVGP, IVGP96, a+b, k, IVDMD, IVDOM, and DMI and positively correlated with a (r=0.808, p<0.05) and t1/2. ME (MJ/Kg) was positively correlated with IVGP24 (r=0.938, p<0.05), IVGP96 (r=0.875, p<0.05), a+b (r=0.813, p<0.05), k (r=0.731, p<0.05), IVDMD, IVDOM (r=0.985, p<0.05), and DMI (r=0.727, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with a and t1/2.Conclusion:In the present study, the potentiality of tree leaves was assessed based on CP, ADF, ADL, TP, CT, IVGP, ME, IVDMD, predicted IVDOM, and predicted DMI. Based on this, it can be concluded that S. grandiflora, M. dubia, M. Oleifera, and L. leucocephala were graded as best; A. heterophyllus and C. caudata as moderate; and Dillenia spp. and A. auriculiformis as lowest pot...

Nutraceutical and preservative potential of Acacia mearnsii and Acacia dealbata leaves for ruminant production and product quality enhancement

“…Acacia trees have high rates of leaf-litter accumulation that is deposited in large quantities, which become waste and proliferate pests and diseases over time (Eyles et al ., 2008). These leaves could be beneficial for improving the production and quality of animal-sourced foods as they contain moderate contents of crude protein (CP, 130–175 g/kg DM; Salem, 2005), high contents of neutral detergent fibre (NDF, 180–457 g/kg; De Neergaard et al ., 2005; Giridhar et al ., 2018) and proanthocyanidins (up to 150 g/kg DM; Degen et al ., 2000; Xiong et al ., 2016) that have nutritional, helminth suppressant, anti-bloat, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties (Sottie et al ., 2014; Yoshihara et al ., 2014; Koenig et al ., 2018; Lima et al ., 2019). In this regard, the valorisation of Acacia leaves presents an economic incentive for the sustainable management of IAPs and opportunities to unlock new value chains for the Acacia and animal feed industries to progress towards a circular bioeconomy.…”

NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. vaginatum AND A. globosum subsp. grandicaule AND THEIR EFFECT ON IN VITRO RUMINAL FERMENTATION KINETICS

“…Its use in sheep feed (Jibril et al, 2020) and its medicinal uses of the secondary metabolites (Shah, 2017) have been reported. The content of total phenolics and condensed tannins in forages can improve nutrient utilisation due to their antibacterial and antifungal properties as previously reported in some mistletoe species such as A. oxycedri and A. americanum (Zaidi et al, 2006;Pernitsky et al, 2011;PKB, 2021a, 20021b), furthermore condensed tannins possess the ability to bind proteins that promote the passage of protein into the duodenum where it is absorbed (Giridhar et al, 2018;Lagrange et al, 2021;Menci et al, 2021), inhibit the secretion of microbial enzymes that digest the cell wall of forages (Zhang et al, 2021) and thereby modify the total digestibility of the ration (Vázquez-Carrillo et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2021). The addition of condensed tannins to ruminant diets provides some environmental benefits by reducing ammonia emissions (Menci et al, 2021).…”

In Vitro Evaluation of Potentially Edible Brazilian Trees and Shrubs in Ruminant Nutrition

“…In addition, the highest CP content was obtained from SBT, TIT, and WBU. In evaluating chemical composition and in vitro degradation of different edible trees, [19] observed that SBT (M. dubia) had 308 g/kg NDF and 165 g/kg CP content and 0.881 of in vitro dry matter degradation, which reinforces the high nutritional value of SBT. The high nutritional value of mulberry (BMU and WMU) leaves has been well documented [20,21].…”