Nutritional problems of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after hospital discharge

Lista, Gianluca; Meneghin, Fabio; Bresesti, Ilia; Cavigioli, Francesco

doi:10.4081/pmc.2017.183

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Prematurity affects multiple systems with potentially lifelong consequences [ 68 ], Crump et al have suggested that “preterm birth should be recognized as a chronic condition that requires long-term follow-up” [ 69 ]. The European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI) has developed standards of care for infants born preterm from birth to school age.…”

Section: Other Areas Of Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prematurity and BPD: what general pediatricians should know

Bonadies

Cavicchiolo²,

Priante

et al. 2023

Eur J Pediatr

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More and more very low birth weight (VLBW) infants around the world survive nowadays, with consequently larger numbers of children developing prematurity-related morbidities, especially bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a multifactorial disease and its rising incidence in recent years means that general pediatricians are much more likely to encounter a child born extremely preterm, possibly with BPD, in their clinical practice. Short- and long-term sequelae in VLBW patients may affect not only pulmonary function (principally characterized by an obstructive pattern), but also other aspect including the neurological (neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders), the sensorial (earing and visual impairment), the cardiological (systemic and pulmonary hypertension, reduced exercise tolerance and ischemic heart disease in adult age), nutritional (feeding difficulties and nutritional deficits), and auxological (extrauterine growth restriction). For the most premature infants at least, a multidisciplinary follow-up is warranted after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit in order to optimize their respiratory and neurocognitive potential, and prevent respiratory infections, nutritional deficiencies or cardiovascular impairments. Conclusion: The aim of this review is to summarize the main characteristics of preterm and BPD infants, providing the general pediatrician with practical information regarding these patients’ multidisciplinary complex follow-up. We explore the current evidence on respiratory outcomes and their management that actually does not have a definitive available option. We also discuss the available investigations, treatments, and strategies for prevention and prophylaxis to improve the non-respiratory outcomes and the quality of life for these children and their families, a critical aspect not always considered. This comprehensive approach, added to the increased needs of a VLBW subjects, is obviously related to very high health-related costs that should be beared in mind. What is Known:• Every day, a general pediatrician is more likely to encounter a former very low birth weight infant.• Very low birth weight and prematurity are frequently related not only with worse respiratory outcomes, but also with neurological, sensorial, cardiovascular, renal, and nutritional issues. What is New:• This review provides to the general pediatrician a comprehensive approach for the follow-up of former premature very low birth weight children, with information to improve the quality of life of this special population.

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Section: Other Areas Of Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prematurity and BPD: what general pediatricians should know

Bonadies

Cavicchiolo²,

Priante

et al. 2023

Eur J Pediatr

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“…Optimal growth is essential for the infant with BPD to be successfully weaned from oxygen and to continue the delayed alveolarization that can occur during childhood. One of the criteria for weaning oxygen is adequate growth and weight gain (goal of 20–30 g/d) 59 . Although breastfeeding is encouraged, many of these infants will require additional fortified breastmilk or formula to maintain adequate caloric intake and mineral supplementation.…”

Section: Approach To Nutritional Management Of Infants and Children With Bpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and growth in infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bauer

Vanderpool

Ren

et al. 2021

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common late morbidity of preterm birth. Ongoing clinical care and research have largely focused on the pathogenesis and prevention of BPD in preterm infants. However, preterm infants who develop BPD have significant medical needs that persist throughout their neonatal intensive care unit course and continue post‐discharge, including those associated with growth and nutrition. The objective of this manuscript was to provide a review on nutrition and growth in infants with established BPD after discharge from the hospital and to identify the knowledge and research gaps to provide direction for future studies.

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Predicting tracheal work of breathing in neonates based on radiological and pulmonary measurements

Gunatilaka

Hysinger

Schuh

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Tracheomalacia is an airway condition in which the trachea excessively collapses during breathing. Neonates diagnosed with tracheomalacia require more energy to breathe, and the effect of tracheomalacia can be quantified by assessing flow-resistive work of breathing (WOB) in the trachea using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the airway. However, CFD simulations are computationally expensive; the ability to instead predict WOB based on more straightforward measures would provide a clinically useful estimate of tracheal disease severity. The objective of this study is to quantify the WOB in the trachea using CFD and identify simple airway and/or clinical parameters that directly relate to WOB. This study included 30 neonatal intensive care unit subjects (15 with tracheomalacia, 15 without tracheomalacia). All subjects were imaged using ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI. CFD simulations were performed using patient-specific data obtained from MRI (airway anatomy, dynamic motion, and airflow rates) to calculate the WOB in the trachea. Several airway and clinical measurements were obtained and compared with the tracheal resistive WOB. The maximum percent change in the tracheal cross-sectional area (ρ=0.560, p=0.001), average glottis cross-sectional area (ρ=-0.488, p=0.006), minute ventilation (ρ=0.613, p<0.001), and lung tidal volume (ρ=0.599, p<0.001) had significant correlations with WOB. A multivariable regression model with three independent variables (minute ventilation, average glottis cross-sectional area, and minimum of the eccentricity index of the trachea) can be used to estimate WOB more accurately (R2=0.726). This statistical model may allow clinicians to estimate tracheal resistive WOB based on airway images and clinical data.

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Nutritional problems of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after hospital discharge

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Prematurity and BPD: what general pediatricians should know

Prematurity and BPD: what general pediatricians should know

Nutrition and growth in infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Predicting tracheal work of breathing in neonates based on radiological and pulmonary measurements

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