Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits of Kinnow: An Updated Review

Abstract

Kinnow is a fruit crop which is famous among consumers due to its tasty and delicious juice. It is a multipurpose crop which could be utilized as an important source of nutrients for humans as well as animals. Depending on the environmental conditions and age of kinnow fruit the amount of juice may vary from 45 to 60%. Total soluble solids present in juice reside in range from 9.5 to 16%. Kinnow fruit is a rich source of bioactive constituents, along with specific minerals (sodium 0.01-0.03 mg/g; potassium 1.6-2.5 mg/g; calcium 0.14-0.47 mg/g, and copper 6-8 mg/100 ml), vitamins and volatile compounds. Kinnow fruit could be used for a variety of purposes ranging from fresh juice to candy, jellies and wine. The remaining waste of kinnow fruit after juice extraction could also be useful as animal feed. Addition of kinnow in diet chart could provide many health benefits. The present review paper focused on detail description of nutritional profile of kinnow fruits, pre-and postharvest factors affecting the bioactive profile, volatile compounds, and usefulness of specific compounds present in kinnow for health benefiting properties. Mandarins are of great interest because of their agroindustrial value, high nutrients, and bioactive constituents.

Effect of processing on bioactive profile, minerals, and bitterness‐causing compounds of Kinnow jam

“…Kinnow pulp is a good source of specific minerals such as K (3 mg/g) Mg (0.73 mg/g); Na (1.38 mg/g); Ca (0.55 mg/g); Fe (0.034 mg/g); Mn (0.0054 mg/g) and Zn (0.015 mg/g) (Purewal & Sandhu, 2020; Singh et al, 2016). The mineral profile of both jams (NKJ and TKJ) samples was estimated and results indicate the presence of specific minerals (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc) in tested samples (Table 1).…”

Applications of Fruit Polyphenols and Their Functionalized Nanoparticles Against Foodborne Bacteria: A Mini Review

“…The study results revealed that the interaction of ferulic and gallic acids with the cell membrane causes a decrease in surface charge (negative charge), pore formation, and caused leaking of intracellular constituents and hydrophobicity changes. Another useful bioactive molecule found in fruits such as apple, pear, and kinnow is p -coumaric acid, which shows antibacterial activity against numerous bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus , Bacillus subtilis , Shigella dysenteriae , and Salmonella typhimurium [ 19 , 72 ]. The antimicrobial potential of p -coumaric acid depends on pH, as the minor decrease in pH elevates these molecules’ antimicrobial activity against different microbial strains.…”

Characterization and quality attributes of spray‐dried Kinnow peel powder using maltodextrin and gum arabic

“…India produces about 3.43 million tons of Kinnow from about 0.33 million hactare, and Punjab, the leading producer, contributes a 29% share (Mahawar et al, 2020). It has many health‐promoting bioactive compounds like vitamin B, vitamin C, phosphorus, calcium, and β‐carotene (Purewal & Sandhu, 2020). Kinnow peel consists of two distinct tissues, that is, albedo or mesocarp (white soft and cellulosic layer), rich in nutrients like minerals, proteins, fibers, sugars, and so forth, and flavedo or epicarp (golden yellow to the orange‐colored peripheral surface), a source of essential oil (Sharma, 2016).…”

“…calcium, and β-carotene (Purewal & Sandhu, 2020). Kinnow peel consists of two distinct tissues, that is, albedo or mesocarp (white soft and cellulosic layer), rich in nutrients like minerals, proteins, fibers, sugars, and so forth, and flavedo or epicarp (golden yellow to the orange-colored peripheral surface), a source of essential oil (Sharma, 2016).…”