Nutritional Profiles of Urban and Rural Men of Punjab with Regard to Dietary Fat Intake

Abstract

This study was undertaken to determine the quantity and type of fat consumed by urban and rural men in relation to BMI. Researchers surveyed 200 Punjabi men from rural and urban areas of Ludhiana District; total fat intake (74 g/day) by urban men was significantly more than that of men in rural areas. The energy percentage from total fat was positively and significantly (p ≤ .05) associated with BMI, accounting for 3.1%, 4.2%, and 2.9% of variation in the rural, urban, and total sample, respectively. Fatty-acid ratios were closer to recommendations for urban men than for men from rural areas.

Trends in dietary fat and fatty acid intakes and related food sources among Chinese adults: a longitudinal study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2011)

“…The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) reported that Americans have kept their mean intakes of SFA above 10 %TE and of PUFA above 6 %TE in past decades (50) . In contrast, recent data from Japan, Bangladesh, South Korea and India reported their mean SFA intakes were below 10 %TE (34,52,53) . The explanation for this difference between Western and Asian countries might be the different food sources of dietary fat.…”

“…For instance, Chinese consume their fat primarily from vegetable oils and secondly from animal oils and meat foods; on the contrary, Westerners ingest fat primarily from dairy, butter and meat food, and secondly from vegetable oils (32,33,36,54) . Vegetable oils were reported as showing an increased consumption over time in China and India (52,55,56) , the mean intake of vegetable oils in European countries also showed a growing trend in the past, while the percentage of vegetable oils in total edible oils reached a higher level in China than in these countries (approximately 85 % v. less than 50 %) (38,57) . The very low intakes of EPA and DHA reported here are in line with the result of the Minnesota Heart Survey (39) .…”

Overweight and obesity prevalence among Indian women by place of residence and socio-economic status: Contrasting patterns from ‘underweight states’ and ‘overweight states’ of India

“…A recent study reflects that fat intake was significantly higher among urban Punjabi men than their rural counterparts (Choudhary et al, 2014). Nevertheless, increasing access to pulses, grains, vegetables and fruits and taxation and regulatory measures on unhealthy diets may help to induce a healthy food habit among the people (Sachdev, 2012).…”