Nutritional Solutions to Reduce Risks of Negative Health Impacts of Air Pollution

Péter, Szabolcs; Holguín, Fernando; Wood, Lisa G.; Clougherty, Jane E.; Raederstorff, Daniel; Antal, M.; Weber, Peter; Eggersdorfer, Manfred

doi:10.3390/nu7125539

Cited by 102 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In fact, increased energy expenditure utilizes the body's store of micronutrients to produce more energy, resulting in low levels of B vitamins, vitamin C, calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium in active individuals [24]. Air pollution may also reduce the body's concentrations of certain micronutrients, such as vitamin D if the pollution reduces exposure to the sun and thus cutaneous production [171,172], or antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, which may be necessary to combat oxidative stress caused by pollution [3].…”

Section: Impact Of Micronutrient Status On the Immune Response And Rimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

2020

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Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.

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Section: Impact Of Micronutrient Status On the Immune Response And Rimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

2020

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“…However, a study performed on human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to diesel exhaust with a diesel particulate filter showed persistent oxidative stress reactions and a tumorigenic effect, probably caused by gaseous exhaust and the smallest nanoparticles not stopped by the filter [62]. Several studies reported that the intake of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients, such as vitamins B, C and E and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, could reduce air pollution oxidative effects [63]. For example, higher intake of vitamin B6, B12 and folate reduced the effect of air pollution on heart rate variability.…”

Section: Pathophysiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, higher intake of vitamin B6, B12 and folate reduced the effect of air pollution on heart rate variability. Decreased levels of markers of lipid and protein oxidative damage were also associated with vitamin C and E supplementation [63]. However, even if intake of essential micronutrients could counteract the oxidative and inflammatory effects of air pollution, a clinical benefit of these nutritional strategies remains to be proved in the particular setting of air pollution.…”

Section: Pathophysiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular effects of air pollution

Bourdrel¹,

Bind

Béjot

et al. 2017

Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases

397

192

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Summary Air pollution is composed of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and ozone. PM is classified according to size into coarse particles (PM10), fine particles (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles. We aim to provide an original review of the scientific evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies examining the cardiovascular effects of outdoor air pollution. Pooled epidemiological studies reported that a 10 μg/m3 increase in long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an 11% increase in cardiovascular mortality. Increased cardiovascular mortality was also related to long-term and short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide. Exposure to air pollution and road traffic was associated with an increased risk of arteriosclerosis, as shown by premature aortic and coronary calcification. Short-term increases in air pollution were associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and acute heart failure. The risk was increased even when pollutant concentrations were below European standards. Reinforcing the evidence from epidemiological studies, numerous experimental studies demonstrated that air pollution promotes a systemic vascular oxidative stress reaction. Radical oxygen species induce endothelial dysfunction, monocyte activation and some proatherogenic changes in lipoproteins, which initiate plaque formation. Furthermore, air pollution favours thrombus formation, because of an increase in coagulation factors and platelet activation. Experimental studies also indicate that some pollutants have more harmful cardiovascular effects, such as combustion-derived PM2.5 and ultrafine particles. Air pollution is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Promotion of safer air quality appears to be a new challenge in cardiovascular disease prevention.

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“…The oxidative stress response induced by exposure to secondhand smoke may be partially blocked by diet. High intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may counteract the oxidative stress response by improving the body's antioxidant-prooxidant balance [10], which is supported by both animal and human studies [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Diet, Secondhand Smoke, and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels among Singapore Chinese Adults

Moore

Butler

Bachand

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The combination of poor diet and exposure to secondhand smoke may increase hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, but few studies have explored this interaction. We explored an interaction among 574 never-smoking adults from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. At baseline (age 59 ± 8 years), intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin E and fiber were estimated using a modified food frequency questionnaire. At follow-up (age 64 ± 9 years), HbA1c and cotinine were measured. A product term between cotinine (above or below the median value) and each nutrient (high or low intake) was included in separate linear regression models with HbA1c as the outcome. HbA1c among those with high cotinine and low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intakes were higher than would be expected due to the individual effects alone (p-for-interaction = 0.05). Among those with lower intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, high cotinine levels were associated with 0.54% higher HbA1c levels (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 1.06). Conversely, among those with higher intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, HbA1c differ not differ by exposure (−0.09%; 95% CI: −0.45, 0.30). No evidence of interaction was observed for other nutrients. Diets high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may ameliorate secondhand smoke-induced increases in HbA1c.

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Nutritional Solutions to Reduce Risks of Negative Health Impacts of Air Pollution

Cited by 102 publications

References 99 publications

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

Cardiovascular effects of air pollution

Diet, Secondhand Smoke, and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels among Singapore Chinese Adults

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