Nutritional status, brain development and scholastic achievement of Chilean high-school graduates from high and low intellectual quotient and socio-economic status

Ivanovic, Daniza; Leiva, Boris P.; Pérez, Hernán; Almagià, Atilio F.; Toro, Triana D.; Urrutia, María Soledad C.; Inzunza, Nélida B.; Bosch, Enrique O.

doi:10.1079/bjn2001485

Cited by 54 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Other results demonstrated that independent of socio-economic stratum, children older for grade have a significantly lower intellectual quotient and scholastic achievement (SA), decreased brain parameters, a deprived nutritional status and a higher course repetition rate (Ivanovic et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other findings point out that independent of socio-economic stratum, sex and age, maternal intellectual quotient or maternal schooling, brain volume and undernutrition in the first year of life are the main determinants of intellectual quotient and this in turn is the most relevant parameter that explains SA (Ivanovic et al, 2000a(Ivanovic et al, , b, 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Twelve-year follow-up study of the impact of nutritional status at the onset of elementary school on later educational situation of Chilean school-age children

et al. 2007

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Objective: To determine the impact of nutritional status in a multicausal approach of socio-economic, socio-cultural, family, intellectual, educational and demographic variables at the onset of elementary school in 1987 on the educational situation of these children in 1998, when they should have graduated from high school. Setting: Chile's Metropolitan Region. Design: Prospective, observational and 12-year follow-up study. Methods: A representative sample of 813 elementary first grade school-age children was randomly chosen in 1987. The sample was assessed in two cross-sectional studies. The first cross-sectional study was carried out in at the onset of elementary school in 1987 and the second was carried out in 1998, 12-years later, when they should be graduating from high school. In 1998, 632 adolescent students were located and their educational situation was registered (dropout, delayed, graduated and not located). At the onset of elementary school were determined the nutritional status, socio-economic status (SES), family characteristics, intellectual ability (IA), scholastic achievement (SA) and demographic variables. Statistical analysis included variance tests and Scheffe's test was used for comparison of means. Pearson correlation coefficients and logistic regression were used to establish the most important independent variables at the onset of elementary school in 1987 that affect the educational situation 1998. Data were analysed using the statistical analysis system (SAS). Results: Logistic regression revealed that SES, IA, SA and head circumference-for-age Z score at the onset of elementary school in 1987 were the independent variables with the greatest explanatory power in the educational situation of school-age children in 1998. Conclusions: These parameters at an early school age are good predictors of the educational situation later and these results can be useful for nutrition and educational planning in early childhood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twelve-year follow-up study of the impact of nutritional status at the onset of elementary school on later educational situation of Chilean school-age children

et al. 2007

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“…8 Other studies have shown that small head circumference at birth can also predict poor intellectual performance in childhood and adulthood, 9,10 although this relationship appears to depend on the particular cognitive domain. 11 Head circumference is considered the most sensitive anthropometric measure of long-term malnutrition in infancy, 12,13 with caloric deprivation shown to be directly associated with suboptimal head growth. 14 Among small-for-gestational age preterm infants, higher mean postnatal energy intake/kg body weight per day in the first 2 weeks of life was associated with complete head circumference catch-up growth and better developmental and cognitive performance until the age of 6 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of zinc supplementation on head circumference of Nepalese infants and toddlers: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of micronutrient supplementation on head circumference of rural Nepali infants and children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We used a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of micronutrient supplementation on head circumference in 569 rural Nepali infants and children aged 4-17 months. Children were randomized to: (1) zinc, (2) iron-folic acid, (3) zinc plus iron-folic acid or (4) a placebo group. Data on head circumference were collected during five visits at B3 month intervals over the course of a year. We calculated change in head circumference in treatment groups receiving zinc and iron comparing the first and fifth visits as well as used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to take advantage of data from all points in time. Models were adjusted for covariates unbalanced in the randomization and for baseline head circumference. RESULTS: Estimating differences in head circumference between baseline and visit 5, children in the zinc treatment group showed smaller decreases in head circumference z-score compared with placebo (adjusted b ¼ 0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03 to 0.23). Using GEE, zinc treatment was associated with 0.11 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.17) decrease in the rate of decline in head circumference z-score across visits as compared with placebo. Iron-folic acid supplementation was not associated with head circumference z-scores when comparing visits 1 with 5 or including data across all visits in adjusted models. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that zinc supplementation confers a beneficial effect on the rate of head growth in Nepali infants.

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“…Recent data from Brazil and Peru document a lasting impact of diarrhea (as with malnutrition and intestinal helminthic infections) on child development with ill-effects on cognition, growth, and educational performance [2,3]. Early post-natal malnutrition is associated with significantly retarded central nervous system growth, reduced brain weight, thinner cerebral cortex, deficient myelinization, poor neuritic arborization, and changes in features of dendritic spines such as reduction in their width and number [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of apolipoprotein E4 in protecting children against early childhood diarrhea outcomes and implications for later development

et al. 2007

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SummaryOur group and others have reported a series of studies showing that heavy burdens of diarrheal diseases in the formative first two years of life in children in urban shantytowns have profound consequences of impaired physical and cognitive development lasting into later childhood and schooling. Based on these previous studies showing that apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is relatively common in favela children, we review recent data suggesting a protective role for the APOE4 allele in the cognitive and physical development of children with heavy burdens of diarrhea in early childhood. Despite being a marker for cognitive decline with Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases later in life, APOE4 appears to be important for cognitive development under the stress of heavy diarrhea. The reviewed findings provide a potential explanation for the survival advantage in evolution of the thrifty APOE4 allele and raise questions about its implications for human development under life-style changes and environmental challenges.

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Nutritional status, brain development and scholastic achievement of Chilean high-school graduates from high and low intellectual quotient and socio-economic status

Cited by 54 publications

References 62 publications

Twelve-year follow-up study of the impact of nutritional status at the onset of elementary school on later educational situation of Chilean school-age children

Twelve-year follow-up study of the impact of nutritional status at the onset of elementary school on later educational situation of Chilean school-age children

Beneficial effects of zinc supplementation on head circumference of Nepalese infants and toddlers: a randomized controlled trial

Role of apolipoprotein E4 in protecting children against early childhood diarrhea outcomes and implications for later development

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