Nutritional status of alcoholics of different socioeconomic class.

Goldsmith, R.; Iber, Frank L.; Miller, Pamela A.

doi:10.1080/07315724.1983.10719925

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Wasting in this population might also be explained by chronic diseases common in homeless people such as AIDS, tuberculosis, alcohol-related diseases, drug abuse or severe depression 3 . In our sample, drinkers had a significantly lower BMI than non-drinkers, which is in agreement with previous findings, sometimes in association with a liver disease 33 and sometimes in isolation 34 , especially in indigent or homeless alcoholics 35 . In addition, the BMI was correlated with energy derived from food, suggesting that insufficient intake may contribute to the increased prevalence of underweight and wasting in this population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dietary inadequacies observed in homeless men visiting an emergency night shelter in Paris

Darmon

Coupel²,

Deheeger

et al. 2001

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the dietary intake and the nutritional status of homeless men. Setting: A night emergency shelter in Paris, France. Design: Dietary survey (48-h) including alcohol intake and a questionnaire on age, duration of homelessness, smoking habits. Subjects were also weighed and measured. Subjects: Ninety-seven men aged 18±72 years (mean 43.3), of whom 54% were homeless for more than 18 months, 82% were smokers and 53% were regular and/or excessive drinkers. Results: The BMI distribution was shifted towards low values, the percentage of wasted persons being four times higher than in the reference population. The mean total energy intake was 2376 kcal SD 879 and included a high and highly variable percentage of energy derived from alcohol (12.0% SD 18X1X Among drinkers, the mean ethanol intake was 90 g SD 102 and there was a significant negative correlation between ethanol and non-alcoholic energy intakes. The median intakes of potassium, calcium, zinc, vitamins B1, B2, and niacin were lower than European Population Reference Intakes but only the mean intake of vitamin B1 was significantly lower. Eighty percent of non-alcoholic energy was provided by charitable organisations. For most nutrients, the nutritional density of the shelter ration was not significantly different from the density of the foods purchased by the homeless. Conclusions: These data suggest that the content of some nutrients should be increased in existing food assistance programs for homeless people in France.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dietary inadequacies observed in homeless men visiting an emergency night shelter in Paris

Darmon

Coupel²,

Deheeger

et al. 2001

Public Health Nutr.

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“…clear evidence of severe liver disease, led to the notion that most alcoholics were severely malnourished and the poor dietary intake was the main cause of nutritional deficiencies. 33 Evidence from studies on middle-class alcoholics, free from major organ disease, suggest that when malnutrition is present it is only mild to moderate. 34 When present, malnutrition is a multi-factorial disease, although an inadequate and imbalanced intake of nutrients has been considered the main cause.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional intake of hazardous drinkers and dependent alcoholics in the UK

2003

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There are no recent assessments of nutritional intake in alcohol misusers in the United Kingdom. The purpose of this study was to measure nutritional intake in alcoholics attending an Alcohol Misuse outpatient clinic in an inner city general hospital in the United Kingdom and relating this to various measures of alcohol dependence. All patients (n = 30; 27 male, 3 female) consumed at least 100 g ethanol per day (mean 162 g/day) for at least 5 years and completed questionnaires on socio-demographics, alcohol dependency and psychosocial problems and had assays of biochemical and haematological indices. The data were analysed first with respect to the entire patient population and then according to the degree of alcohol dependency (mild, moderate or severe). The results showed that with respect to the entire patient group, one-third were below normal body weights, but one-quarter was overweight. The total energy intake (kJ/day) including alcohol was apparently adequate with respect to recommended levels in most patients. On average, approx. 60% of energy intake came from alcohol. The whole patient population had a low intake of one or more macro- and micro-nutrient compared to the dietary reference requirements. All patients had intakes of vitamin E and folate below UK recommended standards, while 85 - 95% of patients had low intakes of selenium and Vitamin D. Between 50 and 85% of all patents had intakes below UK recommended standards in calcium and zinc and Vitamins A, B(1), B(2), B(6) and C. There were significant correlations between calorie intake (when alcohol was excluded) and vitamins B(1), B(2), B(6) and C, and Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn intake. There were no correlations between alcohol intake with any of the nutritional and anthropometric variables or between the three subgroups with respect to daily energy, micro- and macro-nutrient intakes. In conclusion, malnutrition was common in this patient group: all subjects had intakes below UK recommended standards in one or more micro- or macro-nutrient. However, there was no difference in the degree of malnutrition between the harmful drinkers (mild dependency) and heavily dependent subgroups.

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“…Excessive dietary exposure to ethanol has been linked to nutritional deficiencies, including malabsorption of essential nutrients, vitamins (B, C, D, A, E), and pantothenic acid (Hlastala, 1998;Hughes & Norton, 2009). Although ethanol use-dependent malnutrition has a direct influence on essential nutrient availability, when malnutrition rates and severity were adjusted for socioeconomic confounders, vitamin D deficiencies remained (Goldsmith, Iber, & Miller, 1983). These published observations lend credence to the concept of nutritionally independent ethanol-induced metabolic interference of vitamin D conversion in chronic ethanol abusers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diallyl disulfide inhibits ethanol-induced pulmonary cell vitamin D and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin depletion

Ogunsakin

Sriyotha

Burns

et al. 2019

Alcohol

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Ethanol has been found to affect pulmonary cells by interfering with vitamin D metabolism and pulmonary defense mechanisms. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms of ethanol's disruptive influence on the vitamin D pathway and inhibition of anti-microbial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37). Bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2Bs), primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), primary human alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs), and human monocyte cells (THP-1s) were used in this study. These cells were cultured and exposed to different treatment groups: medium-only control, ethanol (70 mM) only, diallyl disulfide (DADS) (10 μM) -only, and a co-exposure of ethanol (70 mM) and DADS (10 μM) for 10 or 24 hours. Calcidiol (50 ng/mL) and calcitriol (0.05 ng/mL) dose-response studies were conducted for 48 hours. After incubation, cells were trypsinized, lysed, and centrifuged, and the cellular lysate was prepared for assay. Protein was quantified, and levels of inactive vitamin D [25(OH)D 3 ], active vitamin D [1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 ], and anti-microbial peptides (cathelicidin/ LL-37) in the samples were assayed using commercially available ELISA kits. In the ethanol-exposed group, cellular lysate concentrations of 25(OH)D 3 and LL-37 were significantly reduced by 30%, and 40% in BEAS-2B cells, and 35% and 80% in HPAEpi cells respectively. Overall 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 cellular lysate levels were lower but followed a similar trend as the 25(OH)D 3 response. LL-37 levels in primary bronchial, alveolar cells, and ThP-1 cells were statistically reduced in ethanol-exposed groups (60%, 80%, and 65%, respectively) when compared with control. Following the addition of DADS, levels of LL-37 were recovered to within control levels for all three cell types.This study establishes two clinically relevant observations: that the exposure of pulmonary epithelial and monocyte cells to physiologically relevant levels of excessive ethanol selectively disrupts the activation of pulmonary vitamin D and inhibits the presence of antimicrobial peptide (LL-37) in vitro, and the co-exposure of DADS significantly attenuates ethanol-induced intracellular LL-37 depletion.

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Nutritional status of alcoholics of different socioeconomic class.

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Dietary inadequacies observed in homeless men visiting an emergency night shelter in Paris

Dietary inadequacies observed in homeless men visiting an emergency night shelter in Paris

Nutritional intake of hazardous drinkers and dependent alcoholics in the UK

Diallyl disulfide inhibits ethanol-induced pulmonary cell vitamin D and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin depletion

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