Nutritional Status of Dead Oiled Rhinoceros Auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) in the Southern Japan Sea

Oka, Nariko; Okuyama, Masaki

doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(99)00223-4

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As body mass and body fat have been previously shown to be positively correlated in Rhinoceros Auklets (Oka & Okuyama 2000) and Short-tailed Shearwaters (Baduini et al 2001b), consistent with the results of the present study, the moderate body mass of 564 g with a mean body fat content of 83 g can be considered optimal from the viewpoint of keeping wing loading at a minimum to increase flight efficiency. This stable nutritive condition among adults is maintained by commuting from the breeding sites far south to abundantly productive Antarctic waters, where Antarctic Krill, Euphausiasuperba (Dana, 1852), is captured to replenish their energy reserves during the chick-rearing season (Weimerskirch & Cherel 1998, Cherel et al 2005.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Oka & Okuyama (2000) reported that beachcast Rhinoceros Auklets, Cerorhinca monocerata (Pallas, 1811), found after an oil spill, had a mean body lipid content of 7 g and dry femur marrow content of 24%. These auklets, which are short-distance migrants and a slightly heavier species than the shearwaters, had also lost most of their nutritional energy reserves and had suspended hematopoietic stem cell activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient reserve difference between young and adult Short-tailed Shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, before and after trans-equatorial migration

Oka¹

2008

PPRST

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The Short-tailed Shearwater, Pujfinus tenuirostris, is a trans-equatorial migrant, breeding in Tasmania and ocher parts of southeastern Australia during the Austral summer and migrating to the northern North Pacific for the Boreal summer. Juveniles, in particular, suffer considerable mortality during the migration. Body composition of juveniles and adults in terms of body mass, lipid content, pecmral muscle mass and bone marrow content, before and after migration was investigated. Juveniles varied greacly in body composition pre-and post-migration and took longer to recover their nutritional status than adults. Adulcs sustained a better body composition, showing a moderate decrease in body fat upon arrival in the nortb and recovering their body mass and lipid supply during their stay. The lipid content of beachcast bird carcasses (mean, 4 g) was the minimum necessary for cell membranes and was not metabolisable for energy. Pectoral muscle protein remained high among birds under hyper-nutritional conditions, and decreased gradually at first as lipids decreased, and then rapidly at lace malnutritional stages when most lipids had been utilised for energy. Althm1gh adulcs sustained their nutritional status, the amount of lipids in adulcs leaving the Tasmanian colony was insufficient to accomplish the long-distance migration, so post-breeding adults probably first visited Antarctic waters ro accumulate fat reserves before commencing their northward migration. Key Words: age group, body composition, fat deposit, marrow, nutritive difference, pectoral muscle, protein, Puffinus tenuirostris, Short-tailed Shearwater, trans-equatorial migrant. INTRODUCTIONLong-distance migrations through areas with poor nutrient productivity are critical events for some animals. Recent evidence has shown that the Sooty Shearwater, Pujfinus griseus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789), a New Zealand trans-equatorial migratory seabird, traversed low-latitude waters with low productivity at mean speeds as high as 910 km per day while rarely foraging (Shaffer et al. 2006). To accomplish these long journeys without refueling, they must have sufficient energy reserves, though the storage abilities of most birds are limited by the constraints of fl ight and wing loading.The Short-tailed Shearwater, Puj finus tenu irostris (Temminck, 1835), which breeds in Tasmania and other parts of southeastern Australia during the Austral summer (October to April), migrates one of the longest distances of any migratory bird, annually completing a trans-equatorial migration to spend the Boreal summer (May to September) in the highly productive waters of the northern North Pacifi c, Okhotsk Sea and Bering Sea (Serventy et al. 1971, Shuntov 1974, Warham 1996. This species has evolved a feeding apparatus that allows it to take small marine animals effectively (Morgan & Ritz 1982), which are sparsely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical oceans along its migratory pathway (Reid 1962). Thus, the survival of the migrants may depend greatly on energy deposits acquired before depart...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient reserve difference between young and adult Short-tailed Shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, before and after trans-equatorial migration

Oka¹

2008

PPRST

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“…Specimens included RHAU obtained as chicks in British Columbia and raised in captivity, COGU collected in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA, LIPE collected at the Phillip Island Penguin Reserve, Victoria, Australia, and BRGU collected near the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. For RHAU, we also used data on lipid and water content of wild birds (Oka and Okuyama, 2000). The buoyancy of LIPE might be overestimated, owing to lack of data on plumage air volume and the likelihood that this volume is relatively lower than in the other species .…”

Section: Buoyancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Swim speeds and stroke patterns in wing-propelled divers: a comparison among alcids and a penguin

Watanuki

Wanless

Harris

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY In diving birds, the volume and resulting buoyancy of air spaces changes with dive depth, and hydrodynamic drag varies with swim speed. These factors are important in the dive patterns and locomotion of alcids that use their wings both for aerial flight and underwater swimming and of penguins that use their wings only for swimming. Using small data-loggers on free-ranging birds diving to 20–30 m depth, we measured depth at 1 Hz and surge and heave accelerations at 32–64 Hz of four species of alcids (0.6–1.0 kg mass) and the smallest penguin species (1.2 kg). Low- and high-frequency components of the fluctuation of acceleration yielded estimates of body angles and stroke frequencies, respectively. Swim speed was estimated from body angle and rate of depth change. Brünnich's (Uria lomvia) and common(Uria aalge) guillemots descended almost vertically, whereas descent of razorbills (Alca torda), rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) and little penguins (Eudyptula minor) was more oblique. For all species, swim speed during descent was within a relatively narrow range. Above depths of 20–30 m, where they were all positively buoyant, all species ascended without wing stroking. During descent, little penguins made forward accelerations on both the upstroke and downstroke regardless of dive depth. By contrast, descending alcids produced forward accelerations on both upstroke and downstroke at depths of <10 m but mainly on the downstroke at greater depths; this change seemed to correspond to the decrease of buoyancy with increasing depth. The magnitude of surge (forward)acceleration during downstrokes was smaller, and that during upstrokes greater, in little penguins than in alcids. This pattern presumably reflected the proportionally greater mass of upstroke muscles in penguins compared with alcids and may allow little penguins to swim at less variable instantaneous speeds.

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“…Body mass is another important index for monitoring the health status of animals. According to Oka and Okuyama (2000), body mass is highly correlated with organ masses and lipid deposits. Therefore, body mass is an effective index to evaluate the nutritional status of birds (Oka and Okuyama, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Oka and Okuyama (2000), body mass is highly correlated with organ masses and lipid deposits. Therefore, body mass is an effective index to evaluate the nutritional status of birds (Oka and Okuyama, 2000). It has been common to encounter Magellanic penguins along the southern coast of Brazil during winter, including animals that had direct contact with oil (Petry and Fonseca, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surviving probability indicators of landing juvenile magellanic penguins arriving along the southern Brazilian coast

Rodrigues

Adornes

Filho

et al. 2010

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Nutritional Status of Dead Oiled Rhinoceros Auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) in the Southern Japan Sea

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Nutrient reserve difference between young and adult Short-tailed Shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, before and after trans-equatorial migration

Nutrient reserve difference between young and adult Short-tailed Shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, before and after trans-equatorial migration

Swim speeds and stroke patterns in wing-propelled divers: a comparison among alcids and a penguin

Surviving probability indicators of landing juvenile magellanic penguins arriving along the southern Brazilian coast

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