Nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, a comparative cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Each year, more than 13.7 million people became an active case of tuberculosis and more than 1.5 million cases of tuberculosis patient will die. The association between tuberculosis and malnutrition is bi-directional, tuberculosis leads the patient to malnutrition, and malnutrition increases the risk of developing active tuberculosis by 6 to 10 times higher. Improving the nutrition of individual greatly reduces tuberculosis. The objectives of this study were to assess the nutritional status and determinants of tuberculosis patients. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented. The sample size was calculated using Epi-info software. The data were collected from July 2015- May 2018. The data were collected by interviewing method, measuring anthropometrics indicators and collecting the stool and blood samples. The data were entered into the computer using Epi-info software and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the proportion of malnutrition. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of malnutrition. Results A total of 5045 study participants were included giving the response rate of 93.1%. The prevalence of underweight among tuberculosis patients was 57.17% (95% CI: 54.80% -59.54%) and 88.52% of tuberculosis patients were anemic. The prevalence of malnutrition (underweight) among tuberculosis free residents was 23.37% (95% CI: 21.93-24.80). The nutritional status of tuberculosis patients were determined by site of infection AOR: 0.68[0.49-0.94], sex of the patient AOR: 0.39 [0.25-0.56], residence AOR: 3.84 [2.74-5.54], intestinal parasite infection AOR: 7 [5.2-9.95], alcohol use disorder AOR: 1.52 [1.17-2.13]. Conclusion High proportion of tuberculosis patients was malnourished. Tuberculosis patients were highly susceptible to malnutrition and even a very distal factor for malnutrition in the community became a proximal factor for tuberculosis patients.

Having Contact History With Tb Active Cases and Malnutrition as Risk Factors of Tb Incidence: A Cross-Sectional Study in North Sumatera, Indonesia

“…(18,20 ) This finding is consistent with other studies where individuals who malnourished had a higher risk of acquiring TB infection compared to those who not malnourished. (2,(17)(18)(19) In the multivariate analysis we found that socioeconomic status was not related to TB incidence. However, in the bivariate analysis socioeconomic status was related to the incidence of TB.…”

“…TB predisposes the patient to malnutrition and malnutrition increases the vulnerability of developing the disease. (18,19) Epidemiological studies have shown that malnutrition affects genetic expression and impaired immune response, which are predisposing factors for tuberculosis progression. (2,16,18) Malnutrition is one of important risk factors for TB because it profoundly affects cell-mediated immunity (CMI).…”

A nutritional profile of patients with tuberculosis at Standerton Tuberculosis Specialised Hospital, Mpumalanga, South Africa

“…A number of studies in the United States, Indonesia, India, Gambia and Tanzania have confirmed that anaemia is particularly common in patients with TB (Boloor et al 2012;Cegielski et al 2012;Isanaka et al 2012;Karyadi et al 2000;Minchella et al 2015) predominantly because of anaemia of inflammation (also known as anaemia of chronic disease) (Minchella et al 2015), which may have been the case in the current study, where this phenomenon was frequently reported. Some studies have reported a lower prevalence of iron deficiency in patients with TB compared with control groups (Feleke, Feleke & Biadglegne 2019;Friis et al 2009;Van Lettow et al 2005). The incidence of an iron deficiency in patients with TB is most likely to vary across populations because of contextual factors, such as dietary intake and prevalence of other infections (Isanaka et al 2012).…”