Nutritional Strategies to Alleviate Heat Stress in Dairy Animals - A Review

Pawar, Mahesh; Srivastava, Amit Kumar; Chauhan, H.D.; Damor, Sanjaykumar

doi:10.5455/ijlr.20170425045104

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Two key factors generally trigger these mechanisms: (1) a reduction in feed intake and (2) an increase in water intake. Such a situation tends to negatively affect milk production and its composition [34]. Indeed, milk production in dairy cows subjected to chronic heat stress is closely related to dry matter and water intake [35].…”

Section: Season and Diet×season Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Olive Cake as a Sustainable Ingredient in Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects on Nutritional Characteristics of Cheese

Attard,

Bionda,

Litrenta

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, fatty acid profile and polyphenol content of Provola cheese made with cow’s milk from cows fed a diet incorporating olive cake. Cheese samples were analysed in different months in order to test diet and diet×season effects. The results show that the cheese composition was influenced by both factors. The most beneficial cheese from a human health point of view was produced with milk from cows fed the treatment diet in the spring. Supplementing the diet of dairy cows with olive cake reduced the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices while increasing the total polyphenols in the cheese product. With a 32.9% increase in polyphenols, the cheese from the TEST group has greater functional nutrients and properties than the cheese from the CTR group. The data show that, combining the benefits of a more sustainable production process with a better final product, the supplementation of dried and stoned olive cake in the dairy cow diet improves the nutritional and health composition of the cheese.

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Section: Season and Diet×season Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Olive Cake as a Sustainable Ingredient in Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects on Nutritional Characteristics of Cheese

Attard,

Bionda,

Litrenta

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Other reviews have focused on describing but not quantifying heat energy transfer rates. 1,2 The movement of heat (energy) follows the laws of thermodynamics. Energy movement into/out of the body of cattle will be quantified where possible to aid in the understanding of the magnitude of impacts and the potential effectiveness of interventions that help cattle to maintain thermal homeostasis (homeothermy).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our focus is on management interventions that reduce the risk of adverse changes in body temperature. Other reviews have focused on describing but not quantifying heat energy transfer rates 1,2 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of thermal stress in cattle

Shephard,

Maloney

2023

Aust Veterinary J

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Cattle control body temperature in a narrow range over varying climatic conditions. Endogenous body heat is generated by metabolism, digestion and activity. Radiation is the primary external source of heat transfer into the body of cattle. Cattle homeothermy uses behavioural and physiological controls to manage radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporative exchange of heat between the body and the environment, noting that evaporative mechanisms almost exclusively transfer body heat to the environment. Cattle control radiation by shade seeking (hot) and shelter (cold) and by huddling or standing further apart, noting there are intrinsic breed and age differences in radiative transfer potential. The temperature gradient between the skin and the external environment and wind speed (convection) determines heat transfer by these means. Cattle control these mechanisms by managing blood flow to the periphery (physiology), by shelter‐seeking and standing/lying activity in the short term (behaviourally) and by modifying their coats and adjusting their metabolic rates in the longer term (acclimatisation). Evaporative heat loss in cattle is primarily from sweating, with some respiratory contribution, and is the primary mechanism for dissipating excess heat when environmental temperatures exceed skin temperature (~36°C). Cattle tend to be better adapted to cooler rather than hotter external conditions, with Bos indicus breeds more adapted to hotter conditions than Bos taurus. Management can minimise the risk of thermal stress by ensuring appropriate breeds of suitably acclimatised cattle, at appropriate stocking densities, fed appropriate diets (and water), and with access to suitable shelter and ventilation are better suited to their expected farm environment.

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“…Sanchez and Beede (1991) coined the term DCAD which is a way to balance the electrical charge of the cations and anions in the diet. Positive DCAD based diets can be a useful strategy during thermal stress to increase DMI and resultant positive influence on the growth (Pawar et al 2016). High DCAD diets not only proved to increase DMI, growth and production, but are also useful in mitigating the effects of summer stress (Sarwar et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary cation anion difference based diet on nutrient intake, acid base status and growth performance of crossbred calves in summer months

Suman

KAUR

Phondba

2019

Indian J of Anim Sci

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The present study was undertaken used to determine the effect of positive dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) based diet on nutrient intake and growth of crossbred calves in summer. Female crossbred calves (18) were blocked into three equal groups on the basis of their average body weight. The calves received a basal diet (control) or one supplemented with either +250 (S1) or +350 mEq/kg DM (S2) of dietary cation anion difference based diet. The dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher in S1 and S2 groups as compared to control. There was no effect of dietary treatments on digestibility of nutrients. The overall average daily gain (ADG) was significantly higher in S2 group as compared to control. Nitrogen intake, balance and urine pH increased significantly with increasing level of DCAD in diet. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intakes were significantly higher in treatment groups as compared to control group. However, Na and K balance were significantly higher in S2 group as compared to control. Intake and balance of Cl (chloride), S (sulphur), Ca (calcium) and P (phosphorus) were not affected by positive DCAD diet. Positive DCAD diets of +250 and +350 mEq/kg DM improved the nutrient intake and growth of crossbred calves by ameliorating climatic stress.

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Nutritional Strategies to Alleviate Heat Stress in Dairy Animals - A Review

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Using Olive Cake as a Sustainable Ingredient in Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects on Nutritional Characteristics of Cheese

Using Olive Cake as a Sustainable Ingredient in Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects on Nutritional Characteristics of Cheese

A review of thermal stress in cattle

Effect of dietary cation anion difference based diet on nutrient intake, acid base status and growth performance of crossbred calves in summer months

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