Nutritional Studies withBlattella germanica(L.) Reared Under Aseptic Conditions: III. Five Essential Amino Acids

Abstract

It is a well known fact that the flight of moths and some other insects is affected by barometric pressure, but it is not well known how this phenomenon affect$ other insect actjviw. In a study of the ecology of insects in vegetable gardens at Brandon, an:, in 1948, the relationship of barometric pressure to insect activiw was recorded.It was Aoted in the field that the imported cabbageworm adults behaved differently under varying weather conditions. During warm, clear days they did little but move about freely and feed, but on days that were overcast, particularly preceding rain, they became active about the plants and appeared to be engaged mainly in egg laying.As a result of these field observations, a laboratory experiment was set up to determine the effect of varying barometric pressures upon the rate of oviposition of freshly caught adults.A two-quart sealer was used as the main cage. This was capped with a nvo-holed rubber stopper, through which were inserted a thermometer and a glass T-nihe for extracting or adding air. The entire surface was then waxed to ensure a tiyht seal. One end of the T-tube was attached to a nlanomerer and the ocher end led to either the pressure or the sucrion pump.A frcsh cabbage leaf along with fresh cabbages-onn I~utterflies was introduced into the jar for each experiment, In the first esperiment, 9 individuals \\-ere used. Thev were placed in the jar, with the cabbage leaf, at ro?o..;r millibars pressnre fo; one hour. The leaf \vas removed, the eggs were counted and removed, and the same leaf was returned to the cage with the same specimens for another hour at low pressure (9oo.q millibars). In the second experinlent the butterflies were exposed to the low pressure first, and then to high pressure, but the results were comparable. Temperatures were kept constant in both halves of each experiment.In five experiments the following results were obtained:-In experiments B and E low pressure was used first.These data suggest a definite increase in oviposition during periods of low barometric pressure.Butterflies of the imported cal~hngen,orn~ migrate in large numbers throughout southern hlanjtoha in Julv and A~~p s r .Some of these insects develop locnll\-but many flv in from tile sourh. Harornctric pressure appears to have a p r o f~m d cffecc 'on 'their migrations.During periods of high pressme the butterflies are very active and fly long disrmces. Hcnce periods of high and low pressure would tend to disperse the population and promote egg laying 0-i-er wide areas.

Effects of protein type and concentration on development and reproduction of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica

“…With the exception of the study by Noland et al (1949), our results are in accordance with previous studies on B. germanica, demonstrating that the defined diets were inferior to complex diets for cockroach nymphal development (House, 1949b;Haydak, 1953;Forgash, 1958;Gordon, 1959).…”

Host plant nutrient contents influence nutrient contents in Bradysia cellarum and Bradysia impatiens

“…This is an indication that, host plant nutritional quality plays vital role in the nutrition quality in insects. Nutrition quality in insect is reported to support limited development and supply sufficient quantity to ensure development of one generation [26]. Moreover, it can contribute significantly to insect's spermatogenesis (the manufacture of sperms), oogenesis (the manufacture of eggs), reproduction, detoxification process and resistance mechanism as reported by previous studies [26].…”

“…Nutrition quality in insect is reported to support limited development and supply sufficient quantity to ensure development of one generation [26]. Moreover, it can contribute significantly to insect's spermatogenesis (the manufacture of sperms), oogenesis (the manufacture of eggs), reproduction, detoxification process and resistance mechanism as reported by previous studies [26]. This, accordingly, can improve insets survival, development stage and successful completion of larval development.…”

“…Several studies have reported on the conversion of host plants food nutrients into insect's performance, such as growth, development, survival, reproduction and other important functions [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Primary nutrients in insects functions as the qualitative and quantitative chemical substances essential for molting process, spermatogenesis (the manufacture of sperms), oogenesis (the manufacture of eggs), synthesis of pigment and reproduction, detoxification process, and resistance mechanism [26]. Moreover, nutrients stored within the insect egg are reported to support limited development and, in case of primary nutrients, supply sufficient quantity to ensure development of one generation.…”

“…Moreover, nutrients stored within the insect egg are reported to support limited development and, in case of primary nutrients, supply sufficient quantity to ensure development of one generation. Lack of essential amino acid is also reported to affect larval development [26].…”