Nutritional supplements in Norwegian elite athletes—impact of international ranking and advisors

Sundgot‐Borgen, Jorunn; Berglund, Bo; Torstveit, Monica Klungland

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.10288.x

Cited by 114 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the present study, the major motives for supplement use among athletes were to improve performance (78.0%) and increase lean mass (47.7%). These findings can partly explain why we found that whey protein was the most commonly consumed supplement, in agreement with the findings reported by Wiens et al [3], Sundgot-Borgen et al [12], and Giannopoulou et al [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Consistent with the results of other studies [8,12,16], we found that coaches are the primary source supplement recommendation for most athletes, and dietitians were their second main source of information, corroborating the findings among Saudi Arabian athletes [26] and Brazilian cyclists [20]. However, in most studies cited here, dietitians are not among the main three information sources [5][6][7]18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The present study is one of the few studies carried out in Brazil addressing the profile of [12,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary supplement use is a risk factor for illicit substance use [9], and they are associated with the risk of the so-called inadvertent doping since there may be positive results due to the contamination of their ingredients [10]. Another important aspect is that the effectiveness of several supplements on the market is controversial Revista de Nutrição https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000200002 and questionable [11,12]. Their use should be recommended only by a qualified professional in specific circumstances, especially when there is restriction of energy or food intake [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes

et al. 2017

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A B S T R A C T ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and establish the profile of the consumption of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes. MethodsA total of 182 athletes of both genders from 20 different sports participated in this study. The athletes answered a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and sports-related questions and were interviewed about the consumption of dietary supplements. ResultsForty seven percent of athletes reported having consumed at least one type of dietary supplement and 38% said they use more than three different types of supplements concurrently. Whey protein was the most commonly

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The present study is one of the few studies carried out in Brazil addressing the profile of [12,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes

et al. 2017

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“…It has been consistently shown over the past few decades that a high number of athletes take dietary supplements [187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196]. caps.…”

Section: The Prevalence Knowledge and Attitudes Relating To Supplemementioning

confidence: 99%

β–alanine: performance effects, usage and side effects

Kelly¹

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β-alanine is a relatively new ergogenic aid and a number of questions relating to its effectiveness in enhancing high intensity exercise performance remain to be addressed. The five studies described in this thesis examined the influence of β-alanine supplementation and high intensity training on exercise capacity and considered factors that potentially influence dosage compliance and side effects -factors that may impact on the ergogenic value of β-alanine supplementation. Study 1 examined the efficacy of β-alanine supplementation in conjunction with repeated sprint and sprint interval training (and combined with a pre-exercise dose of sodium bicarbonate), on repeated-sprint ability and high intensity cycling capacity (time to fatigue at 110% of maximum power output). β-alanine supplementation, when combined with sprint and interval training, improved repeated sprint ability but did not influence high intensity cycle capacity. Furthermore, acute sodium bicarbonate ingestion improved high intensity cycle capacity before training but had no influence on either repeated sprint ability or exercise capacity after training. It is likely that intramuscular buffer capacity increased as a result of training and that this may have outweighed the potential ergogenic buffering effects of β-alanine and sodium bicarbonate (i.e., both alone and in combination).Study 2 investigated β-alanine supplementation use and level of knowledge amongst professional rugby union (n = 87), rugby league (n = 180) and Australian Rules Football (n = 303) players. Over half the professional footballers surveyed used β-alanine, yet most supplemented in a manner inconsistent with recommendations. A better understanding of the environment and culture within professional football codes is required before supplement use aligns with evidence-based β-alanine supplementation recommendations. In light of these findings, Study 3 examined compliance levels to β-alanine supplementation in an applied setting. Compliance over a 28 day period was 59% (± 24%) which was significantly lower than the mean compliance rate reported by others (96%) (p < 0.0001). It was concluded that the determinants of β-alanine (non-) compliance in athletes needed to be further investigated. Study 4 examined potential relationships between different β-alanine dosages and side effects. Healthy male participants were divided into low (< 75 kg) and high (> 85kg) body mass groups and completed three supplementation treatments: 1. a placebo, 2. β-alanine as a relative dose of 0.02 g·kgBM -1 and 3. β-alanine as an absolute dose of 1.6 g. For 90 min following supplementation in each condition, participants completed a questionnaire that sought responses to side effects. It was found that lighter individuals iii experienced fewer side effects when they supplemented with β-alanine as a dose relative to body mass; heavier individuals experienced fewer side effects when they consumed an absolute dose of 1.6 g. It was concluded that individualising the supplementation of β-alanine is...

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Nutritional supplements cross‐contaminated and faked with doping substances

et al. 2008

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Since 1999 several groups have analyzed nutritional supplements with mass spectrometric methods (GC/MS, LC/MS/MS) for contaminations and adulterations with doping substances.These investigations showed that nutritional supplements contained prohibited stimulants as ephedrines, caffeine, methylenedioxymetamphetamie and sibutramine, which were not declared on the labels. An international study performed in 2001 and 2002 on 634 nutritional supplements that were purchased in 13 different countries showed that about 15% of the nonhormonal nutritional supplements were contaminated with anabolic-androgenic steroids (mainly prohormones). Since 2002, also products intentionally faked with high amounts of 'classic' anabolic steroids such as metandienone, stanozolol, boldenone, dehydrochloromethyl-testosterone, oxandrolone etc. have been detected on the nutritional supplement market. These anabolic steroids were not declared on the labels either. The sources of these anabolic steroids are probably Chinese pharmaceutical companies, which sell bulk material of anabolic steroids. In 2005 vitamin C, multivitamin and magnesium tablets were confiscated, which contained crosscontaminations of stanozolol and metandienone. Since 2002 new 'designer' steroids such as prostanozol, methasterone, androstatrienedione etc. have been offered on the nutritional supplement market. In the near future also cross-contaminations with these steroids are expected. Recently a nutritional supplement for weight loss was found to contain the b2-agonist clenbuterol. The application of such nutritional supplements is connected with a high risk of inadvertent doping cases and a health risk. For the detection of new 'designer' steroids in nutritional supplements, mass spectrometric strategies (GC/MS, LC/MS/MS) are presented.

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Nutritional supplements in Norwegian elite athletes—impact of international ranking and advisors

Cited by 114 publications

References 22 publications

Use of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes

Use of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes

β–alanine: performance effects, usage and side effects

Nutritional supplements cross‐contaminated and faked with doping substances

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