Nutritional Support Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can contribute to extensive dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal system, leading to worsened outcomes. The importance of nutrition in recovery is underappreciated but highly important. In this focused review, we discuss the timing of nutritional interventions with supporting data. We highlight routes of administration that are important given the extent of injury often seen in TBI. The increased energy demands can be met through these approaches. Furthermore, patients need increased vitamins, minerals, and supplements. These interventions are constantly being refined. The current standards are reviewed with an emphasis on evidencebased practices.

Insights into the history and tendency of glycosylation and digestive system tumor: A bibliometric-based visual analysis

“…Glycosylated substances in the intestinal lumen not only serve as important mediators of communication between the host nervous system and microorganisms, but also produce microbial products mediated by the glycosylation of the epithelium. When there are changes in microbial ecology or nutritional supplementation, the glycosylation components also change, which requires us to distinguish them from the glycosylation changes caused by tumors[ 42 , 43 ]. Nowadays, thanks to a series of cutting-edge achievements in technologies, it will greatly promote the application of glycosylation in digestive system cancer in terms of diagnosis and treatment[ 32 ].…”

A nomogram for predicting the necessity of tracheostomy after severe acute brain injury in patients within the neurosurgery intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study

“…The placement of these tubes has been recommended to reduce the incidence of infections, improve feeding tolerance, and decrease reflux [ 37 ]. Early enteral nutrition has been shown to significantly decrease mortality, the risk of metabolic imbalances, pressure ulcer formation, and hepatobiliary dysfunction in SABI patients [ 36 ]. The placement of G-tubes and J-tubes can reflect the condition of the patient.…”

Dietary (Poly)phenols in Traumatic Brain Injury

“…This universal failure has highlighted the need for novel approaches that will be able to respond to the complexity of the TBI and tackle TBI pathological processes on multiple levels. Recent evidence strongly indicates that nutritional support following the TBI in terms of early initiation of nutrition, taking special care of the optimal glucose, protein, and lipid concentrations needed for neuronal survival, may provide a unique opportunity to ameliorate secondary injury and improve outcomes after the TBI [42][43][44][45]. More and more pre-clinical studies appear to show that simple, non-invasive changes in the everyday diet may significantly affect secondary brain injury on multiple levels, leading to a better recovery after the TBI [4,5,[46][47][48][49].…”