Nutritional toxicology of mammals: regulated intake of plant secondary compounds

Torregrossa, Ann‐Marie; Dearing, M. Denise

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01523.x

Cited by 84 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…The recent literature shows that animals likewise regulate their intake of toxins so as to avoid ingesting a toxic overdose -leading to the term 'nutritional toxicology' being coined (Torregrossa and Dearing 2009). An important question is whether animals also select foods specifically in the context of ingesting toxins at levels that are beneficial.…”

Section: Hormesis and Bertrand's Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of nutrition: a unifying framework

Simpson

Raubenheimer

2011

Aust. J. Zool.

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Abstract. We present a graphical approach, which we believe can help to integrate nutrition into the broader biological sciences, and introduce generality into the applied nutritional sciences. This 'Geometric Framework' takes account of the fact that animals need multiple nutrients in changing amounts and balance, and that nutrients come packaged in foods that are often hard to find, dangerous to subdue and costly to process. We then show how the Geometric Framework has been used to understand the links between nutrition and relevant aspects of the biology of individual animals. These aspects include the physiological mechanisms that direct the nutritional interactions of the animal with its environment, and the fitness consequences of these interactions. Having considered the implications of diet for individuals, we show that these effects can translate into the collective behaviour of groups and societies, and in turn ramify throughout food webs to influence the structure of ecosystems.

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Section: Hormesis and Bertrand's Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of nutrition: a unifying framework

Simpson

Raubenheimer

2011

Aust. J. Zool.

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“…Regarding herbivory, the induction of toxic compounds has been much more studied in plant-insect systems (Kessler & Baldwin, 2002;Castells et al, 2005;Chen, 2008;Kaplan et al, 2008) than in plantmammal systems (Huntzinger et al, 2004;Zinn et al, 2007), although the occurrence of mechanisms of cross-resistance (defences induced by a particular herbivore being effective against other herbivores that consume the same plant) are assumed (Kessler & Baldwin, 2004). In plant-mammal systems, research has particularly addressed the loss of plant digestibility caused by the synthesis of defences against grazing/ browsing (such as phenolic or silica-based compounds, Massey et al, 2007), or it has focused on animals rather than plants, analysing the mechanisms developed by mammals to avoid or tolerate toxicity (Torregrossa & Dearing, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-systemic fungal endophytes in Carex brevicollis may influence the toxicity of the sedge to livestock

Canals

Emeterio

Sánchez-Márquez

et al. 2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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The sedge Carex brevicollis is a common component of semi-natural grasslands and forests in temperate mountains of Central and Southern Europe. The consumption of this species causes a severe toxicity to livestock, associated to high plant concentrations of the β-carbolic alkaloid brevicolline. This research was started to ascertain the origin of this toxicity. An exploratory survey of alkaloid content in plants growing in contrasting habitats (grasslands/forests) did not contribute to find a pattern of the variable contents of brevicolline in plants, and led us to address other possibilities, such as a potential role of fungal endophytism. Systemic, vertically-transmitted endophytes producers of herbivore-deterrent alkaloids are known to infect many known forage grasses. We did not detect systemic endophytes in C. brevicollis, but the sedge harboured a rich community of non-systemic fungi. To test experimentally whether non-systemic endophytes influenced the synthesis of the alkaloid, 24 plants were submitted to a fungicide treatment to remove the fungal assemblage, and the offspring ramets were analysed for alkaloid content. Brevicolline was the major β-carbolic alkaloid detected, and the contents were at least five times lower in the new ramets that developed from fungicide-treated plants than in the untreated plants. This result, although not conclusive about the primary source of the alkaloid (a plant or a fungal product) indicates that fungal endophytes may affect the contents of the toxic brevicolline in this sedge.

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“…The regulation model of dose control (reviewed in Torregrossa and Dearing, 2009) proposes that herbivores regulate daily dosing through modifications to either meal size or the intervals between meals, known as the "intermeal interval". Several mammalian herbivores appear to use the strategy of altering meal size as a function of PSM concentration (Boyle et al, 2005;Marsh et al, 2007;Sorensen et al, 2005a;Torregrossa et al, 2011;Torregrossa et al, 2012;Wiggins et al, 2006a;Wiggins et al, 2006b;Wiggins et al, 2003).…”

Section: Pharmacological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mammalian herbivores appear to use the strategy of altering meal size as a function of PSM concentration (Boyle et al, 2005;Marsh et al, 2007;Sorensen et al, 2005a;Torregrossa et al, 2011;Torregrossa et al, 2012;Wiggins et al, 2006a;Wiggins et al, 2006b;Wiggins et al, 2003). Of the five species studied to date (three woodrats of the genus Neotoma and two marsupials: the koala and brushtail possum), only one exhibited a change in intermeal interval when fed increasing concentration of dietary PSMs (Sorensen et al, 2005a;Torregrossa and Dearing, 2009). Recent studies suggest that generalist herbivores may be better at regulating PSM dose than specialist herbivores (Torregrossa et al, 2012).…”

Section: Pharmacological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Pharm-Ecological Perspective of Terrestrial and Aquatic Plant-Herbivore Interactions

et al. 2013

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-We describe some recent themes in the nutritional and chemical ecology of herbivores and the importance of a broad pharmacological view of plant nutrients and chemical defenses that we integrate as "Pharm-ecology". The central role that dose, concentration, and response to plant components (nutrients and secondary metabolites) play in herbivore foraging behavior argues for broader application of approaches derived from pharmacology to both terrestrial and aquatic plant-herbivore systems. We describe how concepts of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are used to better understand the foraging phenotype of herbivores relative to nutrient and secondary metabolites in food. Implementing these concepts into the field remains a challenge but new modeling approaches that emphasize tradeoffs and the properties of individual animals show promise. Throughout we highlight similarities and differences between the historic and future applications of pharm-ecological concepts in understanding the ecology and evolution of terrestrial and aquatic interactions between herbivores and plants. We offer several pharm-ecology related questions and hypotheses that could strengthen our understanding of the nutritional and chemical factors that modulate foraging behavior of herbivores across terrestrial and aquatic systems.

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Nutritional toxicology of mammals: regulated intake of plant secondary compounds

Cited by 84 publications

References 86 publications

The nature of nutrition: a unifying framework

The nature of nutrition: a unifying framework

Non-systemic fungal endophytes in Carex brevicollis may influence the toxicity of the sedge to livestock

A Pharm-Ecological Perspective of Terrestrial and Aquatic Plant-Herbivore Interactions

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