Nutritive value for ruminants of green tea grounds as a replacement of brewers’ grains in totally mixed ration silage

Xu, Chuncheng; Cai, Yimin; Moriya, Naoko; Ogawa, Masuhiro

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.11.014

Cited by 57 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Some researchers have revealed that TMR silage, with a low pH and high concentration of lactic acid, has such advantages as improving the aerobic stability of TMR (Nishino et al . 2003; Xu et al . 2007, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of replacing corn with brown rice grain in a total mixed ration silage on milk production, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows

Miyaji

Matsuyama

Hosoda

et al. 2012

Animal Science Journal

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Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to determine the effects of substituting corn grain with brown rice (BR) grain in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on milk yield, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen (N) balance. The TMR silages were made from the ensiling of TMR containing (dry matter basis) 50.1% forage in rice silage and corn silage combination, and 49.9% concentrate. The grain portion of the diets contained 31.2% steam-flaked corn, 31.2% steam-flaked BR or an equal mixture of corn and BR. Dietary treatments did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat, protein and lactose yields. The ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. The urinary N excretion decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to increased levels of BR, with no dietary effect on N intake, N secretion in milk and fecal N excretion. Our results indicate that steam-flaked BR is a suitable replacement for steam-flaked corn in dairy cow diets, and that it can be included in rations to a level of at least 31.2% of dry matter without adverse effects on milk production, when cows were fed rice silage and corn silage-based diets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of replacing corn with brown rice grain in a total mixed ration silage on milk production, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows

Miyaji

Matsuyama

Hosoda

et al. 2012

Animal Science Journal

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“…There is an increasing practice to ensile moist and perishable agricultural and food by-products with dry feeds as TMR silage [8,9]. To date, however, little information is available about TMR silage, particularly regarding the extents and causes of starch and hemicellulose degradation in TMR silage during ensiling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of microbial enzymes on starch and hemicellulose degradation in total mixed ration silages

Ning

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThis study investigated the association of enzyme-producing microbes and their enzymes with starch and hemicellulose degradation during fermentation of total mixed ration (TMR) silage.MethodsThe TMRs were prepared with soybean curd residue, alfalfa hay (ATMR) or Leymus chinensis hay (LTMR), corn meal, soybean meal, vitamin-mineral supplements, and salt at a ratio of 25:40:30:4:0.5:0.5 on a dry matter basis. Laboratory-scale bag silos were randomly opened after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of ensiling and subjected to analyses of fermentation quality, carbohydrates loss, microbial amylase and hemicellulase activities, succession of dominant amylolytic or hemicellulolytic microbes, and their microbial and enzymatic properties.ResultsBoth ATMR and LTMR silages were well preserved, with low pH and high lactic acid concentrations. In addition to the substantial loss of water soluble carbohydrates, loss of starch and hemicellulose was also observed in both TMR silages with prolonged ensiling. The microbial amylase activity remained detectable throughout the ensiling in both TMR silages, whereas the microbial hemicellulase activity progressively decreased until it was inactive at day 14 post-ensiling in both TMR silages. During the early stage of fermentation, the main amylase-producing microbes were Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B. amyloliquefaciens), B. cereus, B. licheniformis, and B. subtilis in ATMR silage and B. flexus, B. licheniformis, and Paenibacillus xylanexedens (P. xylanexedens) in LTMR silage, whereas Enterococcus faecium was closely associated with starch hydrolysis at the later stage of fermentation in both TMR silages. B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, and B. subtilis and B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, and P. xylanexedens were the main source of microbial hemicellulase during the early stage of fermentation in ATMR and LTMR silages, respectively.ConclusionThe microbial amylase contributes to starch hydrolysis during the ensiling process in both TMR silages, whereas the microbial hemicellulase participates in the hemicellulose degradation only at the early stage of ensiling.

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“…No differences among treatments were observed in retention N, pH and total VFA concentration [4]. The study suggested that a high GTG level of 15% of diet DM can be recommended for silage based TMR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of tea grounds as feedstuff for ruminant

Wang

2013

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Researches on tea have been developed for decades, which prove that tea, especially green tea, has multiple functional components. With the rapid development of beverage industry, the resultant large amounts of tea grounds attract great attention. However, unreasonable utilization of tea grounds would lead to great waste and environmental pollution, especially in summer. In view of the high nutritive value and multiple functional components, tea grounds could be used as feedstuff. By now, researches of tea grounds as feedstuff are mainly on ruminant, as the utilization on other animals is limited to lower level due to high fiber content. Therefore, the following review will begin with a brief introduction of tea grounds and the possible utilization of tea grounds as feedstuff, and then elaborate on the application of ensiling and total mixed ration on ruminant. Apart from the fermentation quality, nutritive value is also provided to assess feasibilities of using tea grounds as feedstuff resources. Finally, a summary on the utilization situation and future direction of using tea grounds as feedstuff is provided in this review.

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Nutritive value for ruminants of green tea grounds as a replacement of brewers’ grains in totally mixed ration silage

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of replacing corn with brown rice grain in a total mixed ration silage on milk production, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows

Effect of replacing corn with brown rice grain in a total mixed ration silage on milk production, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows

Effects of microbial enzymes on starch and hemicellulose degradation in total mixed ration silages

Utilization of tea grounds as feedstuff for ruminant

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