Nutritive value of corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles steeped without or with exogenous feed enzymes for 24 h and fed to growing pigs

Abstract

The use of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in pig diets is limited due to high fiber concentration. Steeping with exogenous fiber-degrading enzymes (FDE) may improve their feeding value. We evaluated apparent ileal digestibility (AID), standardized ileal digestibility (SID), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of components and DE content in DDGS steeped without or with two commercial FDE (A and B). Mixture of 350 g of DDGS, FDE (none for control), and 1.5 liters of water was incubated at 40 °C for 24 h with 15 min agitation every 40 min. FDE-A (pure combination) supplied 5,500 U of xylanase and 1,050 U of β-glucanase while FDE-B (multienzyme complex) supplied 1,200 U of xylanase, 150 U of β-glucanase, 500 U of cellulase, and 5,000 U of protease per kg of DDGS plus side activities. Samples were taken at time 0, 4, 8, and 24 h for organic acids and pH measurements. Three semi-purified corn starch-based diets were formulated with steeped DDGS as the sole source of CP. The basal mixture contained 0.2% TiO2 as indigestible marker. Six ileal-cannulated pigs (20 kg BW) were fed the three diets in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to give six replicates per diet. Pigs were fed at 2.8× maintenance energy requirements and had free access to water. In each period, pigs were adjusted to diets for 7 d followed by 2 d for grab fecal and 2 d of 8 h continuous ileal digesta collection. There were no (P > 0.05) treatment and sampling time interaction or treatment effects on pH and lactic concentration. Lactic and acetic acids increased, and pH decreased (P < 0.05) over time points. The AID of CP, NDF, and crude fat and SID of CP were not different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Steeping DDGS with FDE-A had lower (P = 0.01) ATTD of NDF than control but higher (P = 0.001) ATTD of crude fat compared with the control or DDGS steeped with FDE-B. Values for DE content in steeped DDGS were not different (P > 0.05) and amounted to 4,095, 4,039, and 3,974 kcal/kg DM for the control, FDE-A, and FDE-B, respectively. In conclusion, under conditions of the study, steeping DDGS with exogenous enzymes did not improve fiber and energy digestibility.

Fiber degrading enzymes increased monosaccharides release and fermentation in corn distillers dried grains with solubles and wheat middlings steeped without or with protease

“…However, other factors such as different microbes and enzymes inherent to the material can also cause different outcomes ( Canibe and Jensen, 2012 ). Regardless of enzymes of application and different co-products, the decrease in pH and increase of lactic and acetic acid concentrations over time as seen in the current study agrees with past fermentation/incubation studies ( Mikkelsen and Jensen, 2000 ; Dujardin et al, 2014 ; Wiseman et al, 2017 ; Rho et al, 2018a , b ). Mikkelsen and Jensen (2000) observed that the pH was reduced below 4.5 in both liquid feeds that were fermented with or without microbial inoculums.…”

Impact of fiber on growth, plasma, gastrointestinal and excreta attributes in broiler chickens and turkey poults fed corn- or wheat-based diets with or without multienzyme supplement

“…However, in the context of burgeoning human population and attendant demand for food, feed industry is now challenged by volatile commodity markets, limited availability of natural resources, climate change pressure and food-feed-biofuel competition ( FAO, 2011 , 2017 ). These emerging scenarios have put pressure on the monogastric industry to use significant quantities of alternative feedstuffs that are unacceptable for human consumption such as co-products from the milling and bio-fuel industries ( Kiarie et al., 2013a ; Woyengo et al., 2014 ; Rho et al., 2018 ). A characteristic of these feedstuffs is high concentration of dietary fiber, composed mainly of nonstarch polysaccharides ( NSP ) ( Knudsen and Bach Knudsen, 2011 ; Knudsen, 2014 ).…”

Nutrient digestibility of multi-enzyme supplemented low-energy and AA diets for grower pigs1

“…However, the effects of adding NSP-degrading enzymes to corn DDGS-based diets for pigs have been inconsistent; most studies did not report increased energy and nutrient digestibilities in pigs fed corn DDGSbased diets due to supplemental NSP-degrading enzymes. For instance, addition of xylanase (Asmus et al, 2012;Ndou et al, 2015;Jang et al, 2016;Moran et al, 2016) or a product that contained xylanase, β-glucanase, and cellulase activities (Rho et al, 2017(Rho et al, , 2018 to corn-soybean meal (SBM)corn DDGS-based diets for pigs did not affect apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE.…”

“…Thus, the composition and structure of NSP in corn-SBMcorn DDGS-based diets are expected to be more complex than that in corn-SBM-based diets. Enzyme supplements that were used in previous studies (Moran et al, 2016;Rho et al, 2018) in which there were limited effects of enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility of corn DDGS did not contain enzyme activities that targeted more than 3 major NSP including arabinoxylans, cellulose, and pectins present in corn-SBM-corn DDGS-based diets for pigs. Additionally, during the production of corn DDGS from cereal grains, protein interacts with NSP to form protein-NSP complexes (Jha et al, 2015), implying that the protein in the NSP-protein matrix can reduce the accessibility of NSP-degrading enzymes to NSP.…”