Nutritive value of palm kernel meal pretreated with enzyme or fermented withTrichoderma koningii(Oudemans) as a dietary ingredient for red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromissp.)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether pretreatment of palm kernel meal (PKM) with a commercial feed enzyme (Allzyme Vegpro ) or solid-state fermentation of PKM with the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma koningii (Oudemans) could improve the nutritive value of raw PKM in the diets of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Seven isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isoenergetic (15.1 kJ g À1 ) practical diets were formulated and fed close to apparent satiation to triplicate groups of 14 fish (mean initial weight 5.1 + 0.1 g) for 10 weeks. The diets consisted of a control diet which did not contain any PKM, raw PKM diets, enzyme-treated PKM (EPKM) or fermented PKM (FPKM) diets at 20% and 40% (dry weight basis) inclusion rates. The growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of tilapia fed 20% PKM or 20% EPKM were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of fish fed the control diet. Fish fed diets containing 40% EPKM showed significantly higher growth and feed utilization efficiency than fish fed 40% raw PKM owing to the improved dry matter, protein, lipid and energy digestibility of the enzymetreated PKM diets. The apparent protein and lipid digestibility of the 20% EPKM and 40% EPKM diets were not significantly different, and nor was the growth and feed utilization efficiency of fish fed these two diets. Hybrid tilapia fed FPKM-based diets at all dietary inclusions tested showed the poorest growth, and this might indicate the presence of antinutrients in the resultant fungal biomass. In conclusion, it is anticipated that, with further optimization of enzyme pretreatment of PKM, higher levels of PKM could be included in the diets of hybrid tilapia, thereby reducing the impact of rising costs to feed tilapia.

Digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e energia de ração suplementada com enzimas digestivas exógenas para juvenis de tambaqui (Colosssoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818)

“…Carter et al (1994) avaliaram o efeito de dieta à base de farinha de soja, suplementada com complexo multi-enzimático (tripsina, protease alcalina, protease ácida, amiloglucosidase, amilase e celulase) para o salmão do Atlântico (Salmo salar L.), concluindo que houve aumento no crescimento e na eficiência da conversão alimentar. Ng et al (2002) avaliaram o miolo de palma (PKM) da Malásia, após pré-tratamento com complexo enzimático comercial (Allzyme Vegpro) 1 6 1 1 6 1 1 6 1 VOL. 37(1) 2007: 157 -164 SILVA et al…”

“…Enzimas também têm sido utilizadas com o objetivo de incorporar matérias primas de menor qualidade às rações de animais domésticos (Nery et al, 2000) e peixes (Ng et al, 2002), propiciando menor impacto causado por dejetos e aproveitamento de ingredientes disponíveis a cada região.…”

Optimization of Multi-enzyme Production by Fungi Isolated from Palm Kernel Expeller using Response Surface Methodology

“…This suggests that at least three main cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes are needed to digest the glycosidic bonds of mannan, cellulose, and xylan to improve the nutritive value of PKE if it is to be used more efficiently in diets for poultry and other monogastric animals. Previous studies in Malaysia (Ng et al 2002;Saenphoom et al 2011) showed that commercial enzymes could be used to pre-treat PKE to degrade these fibrous compounds to usable monosaccharides to enhance their metabolizable energy before feeding them to fish and poultry. However, most of the enzymes tested were imported and not specifically designed to break down the lignocellulosic components in PKE (Ibrahim 2008).…”

Digestibilidade de nutrientes em ração com complexo enzimático para tilápia-do-nilo

“…Os resultados encontrados estão de acordo com os obtidos por Ng et al (2002), que avaliaram o efeito do pré-Tabela 2 -Coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, PB e da EB de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo alimentados com dietas suplementadas com níveis crescentes de complexo enzimático tratamento do farelo de miolo de palma (PKM) com complexo enzimático comercial (Allzyme Vegpro™) e observaram melhora na digestibilidade de MS, proteína, lipídeo e energia em tilápia-vermelha (Oreochromis sp.). A influência da fibra no desempenho de peixes é ainda pouco estudada e pode estar relacionada à sua composição percentual em celulose, hemicelulose, lignina e sílica, entre outros .…”