Nutritive Value of Rust-infected Leaves

Yarwood, C. E.; Hall, Alice P.; Nelson, Marjorie M.

doi:10.1126/science.117.3039.326

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These reports are of particular interest in view of the generally inhibitory action upon these viruses of filtrates from cultures of saprophytic fungi (148). At least part of this effect may be due to calcium pantothenate, which also increases the infectivity of a virus preparation and is present in much greater concentration in rusted than in healthy leaves (126) .…”

Section: Alterations In Host Composition and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Aspects of Fungus Diseases of Plants

Allen¹

1954

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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The present review will be concerned with the inception and results of diseases of higher plants caused by obligately parasitic fungi. The term "ob ligate parasite" refers to those fungi which have not yet been cultured even in their vegetative phase except on a living host plant and whose nutrient re quirements and physiology are therefore largely unknown. Particular em phasis will be placed on diseases caused by rusts (Uredinales) and powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae), but occasional reference will also be made to other obligate parasites, particularly the downy mildews (Peronosporaceae) .Some physiological aspects of these diseases are included in recent re views (1, 2), and the literature on variation in rusts has been reviewed by Johnson (3). Gaumann's Pjlanzliche Infektionslehre (4) is an extensive and provocative collation of many aspects of plant diseases, and is available in English translation (5) , and in a second edition in German (6) . In a mono graph on The Cereal Rusts, Chester has presented a comprehensive sur vey and analysis of the litereature on stem rust of wheat and some allied diseases (7), and Volume VII of Buller's Researches on Fungi, published posthumous ly, has many interesting observations on certain aspects of the biology of the Uredinales (8). A monograph in Russian is concerned primarily with the au thor's investigations on the metabolism of plants infected with obligate par asites (9).The terminology used to describe attributes of host and parasite has been reduced to a minimum for purposes of this review. "Susceptibility" and "re sistance" will be used to designate conditions of the host which, respective ly, favor or do not favor development of a parasite. Plants showing extremes of these conditions will sometimes be referred to as "congenial" and "im mune," respectively. "Virulence" and "avirulence" will designate the com plementary conditions of the parasite. The term "infection" will be used to designate the penetration of a host cell and whatever subsequent progress the parasite makes.The literature on these diseases will be considered in three sections cor responding to three aspects of the origin and development of disease: (a) the inception of disease, (b) environmental factors affecting the host's suitability as a substrate for development of the parasite, and (c) changes in host phys iology resulting from infection. THn INCEPTION OF DISEASEGenetic basis of host restriction.-A given plant species is liable to attack only by certain parasites, but these parasites may come from the most di verse groups of the plant and animal kingdoms. A particular species of par-225 Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. 1954.5:225-248. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Tufts University on 12/01/14. For personal use only.Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Section: Alterations In Host Composition and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Aspects of Fungus Diseases of Plants

Allen¹

1954

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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“…The interpretation that leaf-rust infection results in improved food value of oat and ryecorn forage is supported by the observations of Arthur (1929) and the experiments of Yarwood, Hall & Nelson (1952) and of Hall (personal communication), though the digestion of monogastric animals differs in important features from that of the ruminant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The effect of leaf rust on the growth and chemical composition of oats and ryecorn

Greenall¹

1958

J. Agric. Sci.

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Leaf-rust infection of severity 3–4 on the modified Cobb scale reduced the dry-matter yield of Dun oat leafage by 30% and N.I.A.B. ryecorn by 23%. The reduction in root growth of ryecorn was similar to that of the aerial parts.The dry-matter percentage of the green forage was significantly increased in two of the three experiments. Palatability reduction due to leaf rust is suggested from field observations.With Dun oats leaf-rust infection increased the percentage of crude protein (C.P.) by a fifth, of ash by a tenth and decreased that of crude fibre (C.F.) by an eighth, and of nitrogen-free extract (N.F.E.) by a nineteenth. With ryecorn, rust increased the percentage of c.p. by a fourteenth, of ash by a fifth, and decreased that of N.F.E. by a twentieth.The decreased forage yield caused by rust is in accord with the results of experiments of other research workers and with field observation. The effect of rust on proximate constituents was interpreted as an improvement to feed value. This agrees with the results of most reported experiments but conflicts with the field evidence.The hypothesis that leaf rust affects forage composition mainly by reducing the physiological age of cereals is proposed.

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“…The role of tryptophan and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in the biosynthesis of niacin in heterotrophic organisms is well known (7,8). Nason (9) has shown that tryptophan and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid act as precursors in detached corn embryos, and Galston (3) has demonstrated a similar effect with etiolated pea epicotyl sections. Gustafson (4) was able to show a higher content of niacin in leaves of tomato, cabbage, and broccoli after incubation of the whole leaves with petioles immersed in tryptophan solutions in comparison with water controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high pantothenic acid content of rust-infected bean leaves (9) suggested that pantothenic acid might be responsible for lower smog damage of rusted tissue. Water solutions of 0.01 to 1 % calcium pantothenate were applied to beans in the transpiration stream, as a surface spray on the leaves, as an infiltrating spray, by vacuum infiltration, and as a sub-strate for detached leaves.…”

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confidence: 99%