Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in a sympatric area: seasonal and nocturnal hourly rhythm in black and white modified Shannon traps

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in a sympatric area: seasonal and nocturnal hourly rhythm in black and white modified Shannon traps. Captures with black and white Shannon traps were undertaken to identify aspects of the behavior of the two cryptic and sympatric species implicated as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926). The traps were installed side by side, monthly, from July 2001 to June 2002, from 18 to 07 hours, in a peridomicile of Iporanga municipality, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 2,142 specimens were captured, Ny. intermedia (47.4%) and Ny. neivai (50.5%). The white trap was more attractive to both sexes of both species. Males of Ny. neivai predominated (70%) over those of Ny. intermedia on the two traps; on the black trap, the females of Ny. intermedia predominated (63.3%) over those of Ny. neivai (36.7%). Seventy percent of the specimens of both species were captured between 18 and 24 h. Females of Ny. intermedia presented the highest peak at 19-20 h, and those of Ny. neivai at 20-21 h. The highest hourly average for females of Ny. intermedia on the black trap occurred in the winter and that for males in the summer. For Ny. neivai, both sexes predominated in the summer. The two species probably transmit the cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area due to their great predominance.

Fauna of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in areas with endemic American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

“…A total of 65.0% of the sand flies were collected inside the forest, unlike other studies, in which most specimens were found in anthropic environments (Saraiva et al 2008;Galati et al 2010). This fact may be due to the use of a Shannon trap in the forest and CDC light traps in the other environments, which demonstrates the importance of using more than one type of trap in studies of sand fly fauna.…”

Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in rural and urban environments in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Brazil

“…This trend was also observed for the Ny. neivai by Galati et al (2010), but not for the either species by Massafera et al (2005), whose peaks occurred only during the rainy season. On the other hand, Ny.…”

“…A similar result was found in the Ribeira Valley in SP for Ny. neivai (Galati et al 2010); however, the black trap attached significantly more Ny. whitmani than the white trap on the Bodoquena Range in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) (Galati et al 2001).…”

“…neivai were captured at the greatest frequencies from 10:00 pm-02:00 am. In the Ribeira Valley, SP (Galati et al 2010) and in Bandeirantes (Massafera et al 2005), the peak frequencies of Ny. neivai capture occurred from 07:00 pm-11:00 am.…”

“…Collection and identification of sandflies -Sandflies were captured in the urban areas using automatic light traps (Galati et al 2010) installed fortnightly between 06:00 pm-07:00 am from April 2008-March 2009 in 11 peridomiciles. In the rural areas, two techniques were used: automatic light traps installed one day per month at the 12 points sampled from 06:00 pm-07:00 am from April 2009-March 2010 and at one of these sites (Jacutinga neighbourhood -forest edge of the fishing area), a modified black and white Shannon trap was also used (Galati et al 2001).…”