Nystagmus evoked from the superior colliculus of the rabbit

Bergmann, Felix; Costin, A.; Gutman, Jehuda; Chaimovitz, M.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(64)90073-1

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The conclusion that OKN fast-phases involve SC processing is in line with observations that activity has been recorded in the SC during OKN fast-phases (Schiller & Stryker, 1972), and that stimulation of the SC can induce nystagmus-like movements (Bergmann, Costin, Gutman, & Chaimovitz, 1964; Straschill & Rieger, 1973). Furthermore, the SC is ideally situated to engage in fast-phase related processing, as it has substantial connections between reticular formation areas known to be involved in the generation of the fast-phase of nystagmus (Cohen, Matsuo, Fradin, & Raphan, 1985; Grantyn & Grantyn, 1976; Hikosaka & Kawakami, 1977; Kitama, Ohki, Shimazu, Tanaka, & Yoshida, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Saccade-like behavior in the fast-phases of optokinetic nystagmus: An illustration of the emergence of volitional actions from automatic reflexes.

Harrison

Freeman

Sumner

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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As a potential exemplar for understanding how volitional actions emerged from reflexes, we studied the relationship between an ancient reflexive gaze stabilisation mechanism (optokinetic nystagmus) and purposeful eye movements (saccades) that target an object.Traditionally these have been considered distinct (except in the kinematics of their execution) and studied independently. We find that the fast-phases of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) clearly show properties associated with saccade planning: (1) They are characteristically delayed by irrelevant distractors in an indistinguishable way to saccades (the saccadic inhibition effect); (2) horizontal OKN fast-phases produce curvature in vertical targeting saccades, just like a competing saccade plan. Thus we argue that the saccade planning network plays a role in the production of OKN fast-phases, and question the need for a strict distinction between eye movements that appear to be automatic or volitional. We discuss whether our understanding might benefit from shifting perspective and considering the entire 'saccade' system to have developed from an increasingly sophisticated OKN system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Saccade-like behavior in the fast-phases of optokinetic nystagmus: An illustration of the emergence of volitional actions from automatic reflexes.

Harrison

Freeman

Sumner

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…An alternative localizing explanation for the nystagmus observed in our patient is that stimulus current spread directly to the superior colliculus was responsible. Occasional nystagmoid eye movements were described by Syka and Radil-Weiss (24) with electrical stimulation of the cat superior colliculus and tectal sites close to the substantia grisea centralis, regions where direct stimulation in the rabbit was shown to elicit or enhance contraversive horizontal nystagmus, albeit with a high threshold, and only in the presence of auxiliary facilitating factors such as simultaneous optokinetic excitation or the application of drugs that affect the vestibular system (e.g., subnarcotic doses of barbiturate anesthesia) (25). Straschill and Rieger (26) were also able to elicit contraversive nystagmus (and to suppress or phase reverse spontaneous nystagmus) with direct stimulation of the superior colliculus in a minority of cats under the influence of spinal anesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nystagmus Induced by Deep‐Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy

Ra²,

Lozano³

et al. 2000

Epilepsia

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“…In the rat, Biral et al (1982) showed that binocular optokinetic stimulation led to high metabolic activity in the SuG of the SC. In the rabbit, electrical stimulation of the SC results in the facilitation or inhibition of the OKN, depending on the direction of the movement and the stimulation parameters (Bergmann et al 1964). In addition, ablation of the SC affects but does not abolish OKN in phylogenetically diverse species (Flandrin and Jeannerod 1981;Hobbelen and Collewijn 1971;Roeser and Baier 2003).…”

Section: Functional Implications Of the Axonal Projections Of The Scw...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitatory Projections of Wide Field Collicular Neurons to the Nucleus of the Optic Tract in the Rat

Tzanou,

Theodorou,

Mantas

et al. 2024

J of Comparative Neurology

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The superficial layers of the mammalian superior colliculus (SC) contain neurons that are generally responsive to visual stimuli but can differ considerably in morphology and response properties. To elucidate the structure and function of these neurons, we combined extracellular recording and juxtacellular labeling, detailed anatomical reconstruction, and ultrastructural analysis of the synaptic contacts of labeled neurons, using transmission electron microscopy. Our labeled neurons project to different brainstem nuclei. Of particular importance are neurons that fit the morphological criteria of the wide field (WF) neurons and whose dendrites are horizontally oriented. They display a rather characteristic axonal projection pattern to the nucleus of optic tract (NOT); thus, we call them superior collicular WF projecting to the NOT (SCWFNOT) neurons. We corroborated the morphological characterization of this neuronal type as a distinct neuronal class with the help of unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Our ultrastructural data demonstrate that SCWFNOT neurons establish excitatory connections with their targets in the NOT. Although, in rodents, the literature about the WF neurons has focused on their extensive projection to the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, as a conduit for information to reach the visual association areas of the cortex, our data suggest that this subclass of WF neurons may participate in the optokinetic nystagmus.

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Nystagmus evoked from the superior colliculus of the rabbit

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Saccade-like behavior in the fast-phases of optokinetic nystagmus: An illustration of the emergence of volitional actions from automatic reflexes.

Saccade-like behavior in the fast-phases of optokinetic nystagmus: An illustration of the emergence of volitional actions from automatic reflexes.

Central Nystagmus Induced by Deep‐Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy

Excitatory Projections of Wide Field Collicular Neurons to the Nucleus of the Optic Tract in the Rat

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