Nystagmus induced by off-vertical rotation axis in the cat

Darlot, C.; Denise, Pierre

doi:10.1007/bf00279663

Cited by 141 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…On the other hand, changes in velocity modulation showed different features from frontal eyed animals. In cats and monkeys, the amplitude of both horizontal and vertical velocity modulation equally increased with increase in the rotational velocities (Darlot and Denise, 1988; Kushiro et al, 2002), whereas, in mice, an increase in horizontal velocity modulation were smaller than that of vertical velocity (Fig. 4B), similar to the observation in rat (Hess and Dieringer, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…This property of mouse eye movements is in agreement with that of observed under static stimulation (Oommen and Stahl, 2008). So far, the effects of axis tilt, or gravito-inertial force on modulation components during OVAR have not been well investigated in lateral eyed animals, however a similar dependence was observed in frontal eyed animals such as cats and primates (Darlot and Denise, 1988; Kushiro et al, 2002). These similarities indicate that the mouse also has well-organized orientation mechanisms like other species, which are more consistent with lateral eyed animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…To date, ocular performances to OVAR have been widely investigated across various species from lateral-eyed to frontal-eyed animals. It produces qualitatively similar responses in different species, including rat (Hess and Dieringer, 1990), rabbit (Maruta el al., 2001), cat (Darlot and Denise, 1988) and primates (Kushiro el al., 2002), showing a highly conserved vestibular system throughout mammals. The induced horizontal slow phase eye movements consist of two components; a bias component and modulation components as the head changes orientation relative to gravity (Guedry 1965; Benson and Bodin 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic characteristics of otolith ocular response during counter rotation about dual yaw axes in mice

et al. 2015

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The central vestibular system plays an important role in higher neural functions such as self-motion perception and spatial orientation. Its ability to store head angular velocity is called velocity storage mechanism (VSM), which has been thoroughly investigated across a wide range of species. However, little is known about the mouse VSM, because the mouse lacks typical ocular responses such as optokinetic after nystagmus or a dominant time constant of vestibulo-ocular reflex for which the VSM is critical. Experiments were conducted to examine the otolith-driven eye movements related to the VSM and verify its characteristics in mice. We used a novel approach to generate a similar rotating vector as a traditional off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) but with a larger resultant gravito-inertial force (>1 g) by using counter rotation centrifugation. Similar to results previously described in other animals during OVAR, two components of eye movements were induced, i.e. a sinusoidal modulatory eye movement (modulation component) on which a unidirectional nystagmaus (bias component) was superimposed. Each response is considered to derive from different mechanisms; modulations arise predominantly through linear vestibulo-ocular reflex, whereas for the bias, the VSM is responsible. Data indicate that the mouse also has a well-developed vestibular system through otoliths inputs, showing its highly conserved nature across mammalian species. On the other hand, to reach a plateau state of bias, a higher frequency rotation or a larger gravito-inertial force was considered to be necessary than other larger animals. Compared with modulation, the bias had a more variable profile, suggesting an inherent complexity of higher-order neural processes in the brain. Our data provides the basis for further study of the central vestibular system in mice, however, the underlying individual variability should be taken into consideration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic characteristics of otolith ocular response during counter rotation about dual yaw axes in mice

et al. 2015

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“…Eye movements in the nasal-to-temporal and upward directions are positive. After saline injection, all studied mice exhibited basic features of eye movements during OVAR in various species, including primates [11, 14, 39], cat [12], rat [40] and mice [33]: horizontal eye movements showed cyclic modulation of the eye position onto which horizontal nystagmus was superimposed (Fig. 2A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of GABAB receptors in the vestibular oculomotor system in mice

Shimizu

Wood

Kushiro

et al. 2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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Systemic administration of a gamma-amino butyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor agonist, baclofen, affects various physiological and psychological processes. To date, the effects on oculomotor system have been well characterized in primates, however those in mice have not been explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of baclofen focusing on vestibular-related eye movements. Two rotational paradigms, i.e. sinusoidal rotation and counter rotation were employed to stimulate semicircular canals and otolith organs in the inner ear. Experimental conditions (dosage, routes and onset of recording) were determined based on the prior studies exploring the behavioral effects of baclofen in mice. With an increase in dosage, both canal and otolith induced ocular responses were gradually affected. There was a clear distinction in the drug sensitivity showing that eye movements derived from direct vestibulo-ocular reflex pathways were relatively unaltered, while the responses through higher-order neural networks in the vestibular system were substantially decreased. These findings were consistent with those observed in primates suggesting a well-conserved role of GABAB receptors in the oculomotor system across frontal-eyed and lateral-eyed animals. We showed here a previously unrecognized effect of baclofen on the vestibular oculomotor function in mice. When interpreting general animal performance under the drug, the potential contribution of altered balance system should be taken into consideration.

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“…During constant velocity OVAR, the gravity vector elicits two patterns of VOR in darkness: (a) eye oscillations that are dependent on head position relative to gravity, and (b) a unidirectional steady-state nystagmus that is compensatory to head rotation [20, 41,42,60,62,63]. This compensatory nystagmus to head velocity arises primarily in the otolith organs [39], suggesting that otolith organs detect not only head orientation relative to gravity but also angular velocity of the head in space [2].…”

Section: Vestibulo-ocular Reflexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Otolith Contribution to Spatial Coding in the Vestibular System

2002

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Recent work on the coding of spatial information in central otolith neurons has significantly advanced our knowledge of signal transformation from head-fixed otolith coordinates to space-centered coordinates during motion. In this review, emphasis is placed on the neural mechanisms by which signals generated at the bilateral labyrinths are recognized as gravity-dependent spatial information and in turn as substrate for otolithic reflexes. We first focus on the spatiotemporal neuronal response patterns (i.e. one- and two-dimensional neurons) to pure otolith stimulation, as assessed by single unit recording from the vestibular nucleus in labyrinth-intact animals. These spatiotemporal features are also analyzed in association with other electrophysiological properties to evaluate their role in the central construction of a spatial frame of reference in the otolith system. Data derived from animals with elimination of inputs from one labyrinth then provide evidence that during vestibular stimulation signals arising from a single utricle are operative at the level of both the ipsilateral and contralateral vestibular nuclei. Hemilabyrinthectomy also revealed neural asymmetries in spontaneous activity, response dynamics and spatial coding behavior between neuronal subpopulations on the two sides and as a result suggested a segregation of otolith signals reaching the ipsilateral and contralateral vestibular nuclei. Recent studies have confirmed and extended previous observations that the recovery of resting activity within the vestibular nuclear complex during vestibular compensation is related to changes in both intrinsic membrane properties and capacities to respond to extracellular factors. The bilateral imbalance provides the basis for deranged spatial coding and motor deficits accompanying hemilabyrinthectomy. Taken together, these experimental findings indicate that in the normal state converging inputs from bilateral vestibular labyrinths are essential to spatiotemporal signal transformation at the central otolith neurons during low-frequency head movements.

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Nystagmus induced by off-vertical rotation axis in the cat

Cited by 141 publications

References 27 publications

Dynamic characteristics of otolith ocular response during counter rotation about dual yaw axes in mice

Dynamic characteristics of otolith ocular response during counter rotation about dual yaw axes in mice

The role of GABAB receptors in the vestibular oculomotor system in mice

Bilateral Otolith Contribution to Spatial Coding in the Vestibular System

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