O idoso e a mobilidade urbana: uma abordagem reflexiva para a enfermagem

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the nursing performance in the attention to the elderly people in the face of urban mobility. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive, reflexive analysis type, based on the review of the narrative literature with the discussion of the following points: the elderly people and urban mobility, the focus of accessibility to the elderly people before urban mobility and nursing care for the elderly urban mobility. Results: it is the responsibility of the nurse to make an active search assessing environmental risks and predisposing factors for falls, considering the elderly population in their totality, habits, home environment, community environment, family or caregivers. This search should have a preventive characteristic and be focused on the autonomy of the elderly, seeking, in this way, to reduce the occurrence of falls and hospitalizations. Conclusion: nursing performance can impact the better cognitive and functional conditions of the aging process. Preventive measures should be evidenced for the better coping of the elderly in the face of urban development. Descriptors: Aged; City Planning; Nursing. RESUMOObjetivo: analisar a atuação da enfermagem na atenção ao idoso diante da mobilidade urbana. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, tipo análise reflexiva, com base na revisão de literatura narrativa, com a discussão dos seguintes pontos: o idoso e a mobilidade urbana, o foco da acessibilidade ao idoso diante da mobilidade urbana e a enfermagem na atenção ao Idoso diante da mobilidade urbana. Resultados: compete ao enfermeiro fazer a busca ativa avaliando riscos ambientais e fatores predisponentes para quedas, considerando o idoso em sua totalidade, hábitos, ambiente domiciliar, ambiente da comunidade, família ou cuidadores. Essa busca deve ter característica preventiva e estar voltada para a autonomia dos idosos, procurando, dessa forma, reduzir as ocorrências de quedas e internações. Conclusão: a atuação da enfermagem pode gerar impacto em melhores condições cognitivas e funcionais do processo de envelhecer. As medidas preventivas devem ser evidenciadas para o melhor enfrentamento dos idosos diante do desenvolvimento urbano. Descritores: Idoso; Planejamento de Cidades; Enfermagem. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la actuación de la enfermeira en la atención al anciano frente a la mobilidad urbana. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, tipo análisis reflexivo, con base en la revisión de literatura narrativa, con la discusión de los siguientes puntos: el anciano y la mobilidad urbana, el foco de la accesibilidad al anciano frente a la mobilidad urbana y la enfermería en la atención al anciano frente a la mobilidad urbana. Resultados: compete al enfermero hacer la búsqueda activa evaluando riesgos ambientales y factores predisponentes para caídas, considerando el anciano en su totalidad, hábitos, ambiente domiciliario, ambiente de la comunidad, familia o cuidadores. Esa búsqueda debe tener característica preventiva y estar dirigidas para la autonomía de los ancianos, buscando, de ...

"Balance Training Through Immersive Virtual Reality to Optimize the Balance of the Elderly and its Influence on the Fear of Falls"

“…However, for the population participating in this study, the increase in functional balance and mobility was not enough to decrease the fear of falling, which goes against the results obtained by other studies of a similar character, such as the one by Camacho and Gomes (2017) [15]. It can be suggested that, because the training took place in a virtual indoor environment, and the episodes of falls pointed out by the research participants were the home environment and around it, it did not generate significant security to have a decrease in this fear of falling [15,17]. In addition, the major cause of falls recorded in the study was tripping and slipping, these are situations arising from walking.…”

“…The discontinuation of the sidewalks, the unevenness, the presence of holes and inadequate lighting, characterize factors of high risk for the elderly. It is noteworthy that these people have a progression of loss of functional capacities, presence of less muscle mass, a greater number of associated morbidities, leading to a worse functional state to face these existing extrinsic factors [14,15]. The balance optimization found in this study is corroborated by other studies that also investigated the influence of VR on the components of postural control [16,17].…”

“…In order to maintain balance, there is a need for integrity of the sensorimotor system, which includes muscle strength, proprioception and anticipatory and adaptive mechanisms, which are facilitated by immediate visual feedback due to interaction with the virtual reality system [20]. However, for the population participating in this study, the increase in functional balance and mobility was not enough to decrease the fear of falling, which goes against the results obtained by other studies of a similar character, such as the one by Camacho and Gomes (2017) [15]. It can be suggested that, because the training took place in a virtual indoor environment, and the episodes of falls pointed out by the research participants were the home environment and around it, it did not generate significant security to have a decrease in this fear of falling [15,17].…”

Transporte público e infraestructura urbana, causas de exclusión social en la vejez

“…En México, 34.1% de las personas de la tercera edad es económicamente activo (INEGI, 2018) y su principal ingreso proviene del trabajo por cuenta propia (CEPAL y OIT, 2018); por tanto, son personas independientes y la movilidad es un aspecto importante para ellos, pues requieren trasladarse a lugares de trabajo. La eficiencia de los servicios es esencial para que la función de la movilidad sea cálida y accesible, es decir, apropiada a las necesidades de las personas de la tercera edad mediante la adaptación y la modificación de la infraestructura y servicios de transporte (Camacho y Araújo-Gomes, 2017).…”

Risk Behavior for Falls in the Elderly: Experiences of Community Health Workers

“…Además, desde la perspectiva de los ACS, los elementos que cruzan los aspectos psicosociales, que se encuentran en la vida cotidiana, adquieren una gran proporción en la génesis de las caídas. En otras palabras, para los ACS, los factores descritos que forman los comportamientos de riesgo son puntos clave para la prevención de caídas porque forman parte de la experiencia diaria de los mayores (3,34).…”