O incentivo de governo e de escolas à coprodução do Ensino Fundamental público por familiares de alunos

Abstract

This study aims to identify how the government and schools has encourage the co-production of public education by, and to investigate the influence of the sociodemographic profile of the families of students in the forms of coproduction. The data gathering happened at the end of 2016. The incentives were identified through documentary research on the current legislation, and 10 in-depth interviews with school managers, using theoretical saturation as sampling method. The school managers were questioned about the forms of coproduction promoted by the schools. In order to identify the influence of the family profile of students in the forms of coproduction and / or were willing to coproduce, a survey was carried out with 269 families of students from different administrative regions of the Federal District, analyzed by linear and logistics regression. Has been identified a broad legislative apparatus that: encourages coproduction by providing benefits to family members who support students in the educational process, such as the Bolsa Família Program; defining punishments for those who do not, such as a loss of guardianship; end also ensuring participation environments, such as school councils and parents' meetings. The schools encourage coproduction by using government policies and bringing family members closer to the school, such as events, but using legal devices in cases of families´ negligence, especially in relation to the coproduction of basic support, a form of family participation unidentified in studies conducted in European countries. The survey conducted with students´ families has shown that pedagogical coproduction is the most frequent, followed by social coproduction, and that there is no significant difference between the frequency of individual and collective coproduction.Individual coproduction is influenced mainly by the level of education of the family member and by domestic habits, especially the habit of reading and going to theater, indicating that public policies to encourage higher education may positively effect on the coproduction of elementary education, especially in the economic and pedagogical. This study adds the understanding of how coproduction of public services occurs in developing countries, and how the user profile of service impacts the coproduction of public education. The results provide a basis on which public policies to encourage coproduction can be formulated and implemented.