O-serogroups, virulence genes of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of O149 isolates from diarrhoeic piglets in Korea

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Control of metabolic pathways is a major task of the somatotropic axis and its constituents. Insulinlike growth-factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) bind IGF-I and -II and act as carriers and regulators of their activities in blood, body fluids and tissues. Over two periods of physiological adaptation, this study investigated the binding pattern of IGF-I to IGFBPs in the plasma of 50 multiparous Holstein dairy cows and identified relationships with the hepatic mRNA abundance of IGFBPs and plasma IGF-I during the lactational negative energy balance (NEB) and during a deliberately induced NEB by feed restriction. Period 1 lasted from week 3 antepartum (a.p.) to week 12 postpartum (p.p.) and period 2, the period of feed restriction, started at around 100 DIM and lasted for three weeks with a control (C) and a restricted group (R). Blood samples and liver biopsies were collected in week 3 a.p., and in weeks 1 and 4 p.p. of period 1 and in weeks 0 and 3 of period 2. For column chromatography of IGFBPs, plasma samples of all animals were pooled by group and time points of sampling. Plasma IGF-I dropped from week 3 a.p. to week 1 p.p. and thereafter increased until week 0 (period 2) and did not change up to week 3 of period 2. The binding of IGF-I to plasma IGFBP-1 and -2 increased in period 1 from week 3 a.p. to week 4 p.p., while at the same time it decreased for IGFBP-3. During period 2, the binding of IGF-I to plasma IGFBP-1 and -2 decreased for both groups, but less for R cows. In C cows, the IGF-I binding to IGFBP-3 in plasma increased from week 0 to week 3 of period 2, whereas R cows showed a slight decrease. In period 1, hepatic mRNA abundance of IGFBP-3 followed the plasma IGFBP-3 binding in contrast to the mRNA abundances of IGFBP-1 and -2. The latter increased from week 3 a.p. to week 1 p.p. and decreased afterwards whereas IGF-I binding to IGFBP-1 and -2 increased. In week 3 of period 2, the binding of IGF-I to IGFBP-1 and -2 and their hepatic mRNA abundance were higher in R cows compared to C cows. Hepatic mRNA abundance of IGF-I was consistently positively correlated with plasma IGF-I, especially pronounced during the NEBs in week 1 p.p. (period 1) and in week 3 (period 2) in R cows. While no distinct relation between mRNA abundance of IGFBP-1 and plasma IGF-I was evident, the mRNA abundance of IGFBP-2 was inversely related to plasma IGF-I over all experimental time points independent of treatment. The mRNA abundance of IGFBP-3 was particularly correlated with plasma IGF-I during the 2 experimental stages of a NEB. Obviously IGFBP-3, but not IGFBP-1 and -2, binding in plasma closely followed the respective pattern of hepatic mRNA abundance during the entire experimental period. The fact that changes in the different plasma IGFBPs during altering metabolic stages in different stages of lactation do not always strictly follow their mRNA abundance in liver suggests tissues other than the liver flexibly contributing to the IGFBP pool in plasma as well as a partially post-transcriptional regulation of IGF...

Serogroups, Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of F4+ and F18+ Escherichia coli Isolated from Weaned Piglets

“…VITEK II system (bioMéreiux, France) was used to identify suspected colonies as E. coli. To identify F4 and F18 gene, previously described PCR protocols was used (Byun et al, 2013). Of these strains, 91 strains were F4 positive, 181 strains were F18 positive, and 7 strains were both F4 and F18 positive.…”

“…Among these enterotoxins, LT and ST are related to enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) which is a well-known cause of PWD. Stx2e is related to Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) known to play an important role in the development of ED (Byun et al, 2013).…”

Serotyping of Escherichia coli isolated from piglet diarrhea

“…The other serogroups O60, O100, O116, O117, and O120 were reported from diarrheic piglets in Korea [13]. Serogroup O80 has been reported from 23.56 % of E. coli strains isolated from diarrheic piglets in Western China [14].…”

Profiles of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from suckling piglets in Serbia

“…According to different virulence factors, E. coli strains are classified in different pathotypes or categories. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is the main diarrheagenic E. coli pathotype, which causes intestinal infections in newborn pigs (2,3,5,27). Enterotoxigenic E. coli strains possess two virulence factors: adhesins and enterotoxins.…”

“…In the Czech Republic, EAST1 was present in 277 out of 800 strains (34.6%) (27). In Korea, 48 out of 116 isolates (41.4%) were positive for EAST1 (3), and in China the percentage of EAST1 strains was slightly lower (31.5%) (13). In our studies, we also detected a high prevalence of the astA gene, which was found in 72 out of 120 (60%) E. coli isolates from diarrhoeic piglets.…”