O treinamento físico aeróbio inibe a sinalização apoptótica muscular esquelética mediada por VEGF-VEGR2 em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos

Abstract

Aerobic exercise training (ET) has been established as an important non-pharmacological treatment for hypertension, since it corrects the microvascular rarefaction and decreases blood pressure. Studies have shown that microvascular abnormalities are directly associated with changes in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), as well as with imbalance of apoptotic signaling in hypertension. However, little is known about these mechanisms in hypertension. We hypothesized that ET restores angiogenic factors and promotes balance between anti and pro-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, potentially contributing to revascularization and the disease regression. Twelve-week old male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR, n=14) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKY, n=14) were randomly assigned into 4 groups: SHR, trained SHR (SHR-T), WKY and trained WKY (WKY-T) were studied. As expected, ten weeks of ET were effective in reducing blood pressure in SHR-T group. In addition, ET promoted resting bradycardia in trained groups (WKY-T and SHR-T), being considered an important marker of aerobic ET. ET has also corrected the capillary rarefaction in SHR-T and this response is partly due to recovery of the peripheral levels of VEGF and increase in VEGFR2 expression. Concomitantly, normalization of the apoptotic pathway was observed, with increased expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-x) and reduction of the pro-apoptotic protein (Bad), followed by phosphorylation of the Bad protein and decrease in the Bad/Bcl-x association. These data suggest that ET promotes peripheral revascularization in hypertension dependent on a fine balance between positive and negative regulators of angiogenesis.

Comparison of Momordica charantia effect on Mcl-1 gene expression in the livers of streptozotocin diabetic and healthy rats

“…Similarly, Fernandes et al showed that 10 weeks of regular swimming in male rats increased anti-apoptotic proteins of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl and reduced apoptotic Bad protein. This occurs with Bad phosphorylation and leads to a reduction in the ratio of Bad compared to Bcl-2 (23). The results of the above-mentioned study are consistent with our results, where a reduction was also observed in Mcl-1 gene expression.…”

“…To perform the RT-PCR technique based on the PCR Kit Takara protocol, 6.5 μL of SYBR Green was added to 1 μL of cDNA, and then 0.5 μL of reverse and forward primers was added, and finally, 4.5 μL of the injected water was added to it such that the volume of 13 μL could be obtained. Eventually, the samples were placed in the RT-PCR machine and the device was adjusted according to Table 2, followed by evaluating the results (23).…”

Effects of different physical training protocols on inflammatory markers in Zymosan‐induced rheumatoid arthritis in Wistar rats

“…The RA + AT protocol is characterized by low to moderate intensity and long duration, which effectively increases muscle oxidative capacity. 32,33 The RA + RT protocol requires increasing overload leading to high training loads and is characterized as an intense exercise protocol 34 capable of inducing muscle hypertrophy. 25 The RA + CT1 and RA + CT2 CT protocols 35 aim to promote health or performance benefits with mixed adaptations of aerobic and RT.…”

“…In this study, four physical training protocols were applied with different TVs. The RA + AT protocol is characterized by low to moderate intensity and long duration, which effectively increases muscle oxidative capacity 32,33 . The RA + RT protocol requires increasing overload leading to high training loads and is characterized as an intense exercise protocol 34 capable of inducing muscle hypertrophy 25 .…”