O Treino Propriocetivo e de Equilíbrio Postural no Idoso para a Prevenção de Quedas: Scoping Review

Abstract

A população mundial está cada vez mais envelhecida e o risco de queda está diretamente relacionado. O objetivo do estudo é perceber qual o efeito do treino propriocetivo e do equilíbrio postural no idoso para a prevenção de quedas. Estudo baseado no modelo JBI. Os artigos foram extraídos das bases de dados CINAHL, MEDLINE e PEDro, redigidos em português e inglês, de janeiro de 2012 a julho de 2018, com população de 65 anos ou mais, sem condição patológica subjacente. Incluíram-se 13 artigos que consideravam programas de treino e exercícios propriocetivos e de equilíbrio postural, força muscular, resistência, treino de marcha e a implicação sobre o medo de cair. Concluiu-se que, a implementação destes programas, têm um impacto positivo e significativo na prevenção de quedas. Considera-se fundamental a realização de mais estudos sem recurso a tecnologia que beneficiem o treino propriocetivo e de equilíbrio postural preventivos de queda. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Idoso, Propriocepção e Equilíbrio Postural.

Loneliness in the Quality of Non-institutionalized Elderly People

“…-Maintain a safe environment, with an armchair next to the bed, with the wheels locked -Person sitting on the bed, with feet resting on the ground; closed and adherent shoes -Instruct to transfer with device (walker), to chair -Use the same technique to transfer to the bed [46] -Training to walk [47] Functional state improvement in gait with gait aid -To be able to walk with a walking aid, to promote locomotion autonomy [47] -Encourage, assist, train to walk with walking aid, selected according to needs45: -Walking for greater stability [46] (Cases A2 and A3); -Maintain body alignment; -Moving forward with walker, moving forward with the affected lower limb (no load), and then with the healthy lower limb, walking a distance of 6 m (do not exceed the base of the walker while walking); -Advance with the 2 axillary support crutches (Case A1), transferring to them the weight of the body, with a 3 point walk, walk 10 m; -Descend and ascend scales; -Climbing stairs (2 repetitions), advance first with the unaffected limb, followed by the crutches and finally the affected limb; -Going down stairs (2 repetitions), moving forward with the axillary crutches, then with the affected limb and then the unaffected limb [46] -Reduce the load on intervened structures, improve the balance and reduce pain [46] -Improvement in physical resistance and functional capacity [48] (continued) -Evaluate results at the beginning and end of the program [25], identify physiological adaptations [28] -Confer significant gains in health [49], mobility and self-confidence [41], self-care and self-management [7] Considering also the safety, pain, tiredness, intensity and rhythm of the exercises, it is necessary to plan periods of rest with the person, in order to be able to perform the activities when the person presents more energy [23], and thus obtain gains and progress in the exercises. Once the intervention plan has been defined, the analysis of the gains in terms of functionality and self-care, as a result of RN care, is highlighted.…”

“…When the variables were compared between the groups with better and worse quality in the QoL-M domain, we found differences in median age (42 [32.2-58] years in the WorseQoL group versus 37 [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] years in the BetterQoL group (p = 0.097)), although they were not significant. The rest of the variables were distributed similarly between the groups.…”