“…For all patients, the following data were prospectively collected from ICU patient's medical file: demographic variables (age, gender), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPSII) [17], comorbidities and Charlson comorbidity index [18], recent hospital admission or surgery, presence of indwelling device for more than 24 hours before ICU admission, past history of urinary tract disease or urinary catheterization during the 30 days preceding ICU admission, administration of antibiotics in the previous year (stratified into received within 3 months of admission, or earlier), and past history of ESBL-PE infection. Urinary tract disease was defined as more than two episodes of urinary tract infections per year or having abnormal urinary tract.…”