Oat-cell carcinoma of the thymus

Wick, Mark R.; Scheithauer, Bernd W.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19820415)49:8<1652::aid-cncr2820490820>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 50 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It could be hypothesized that the occurrence of common genetic events among diversely classified tumors is functional to maintain shared biological, morphological or functional traits and/ or that even low grade tumors with well differentiated morphology have a potential to evolve into high-grade NETs (23). Interestingly, Lu-NETs, T-NETs and even GEP NENs with dual components of high-and low-grade tumors in synchronous or metachronous lesions have been identified (23,40,(171)(172)(173)(174)(175)(176)(177)(178). Further, these tumors share molecular alterations indicative of an origin from common ancestors of lower grade, with additional gene mutations occurring in the high-grade components over time due to temporally delayed clonal evolution of tumor cells.…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Tumors and Molecular Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, these tumors share molecular alterations indicative of an origin from common ancestors of lower grade, with additional gene mutations occurring in the high-grade components over time due to temporally delayed clonal evolution of tumor cells. This combination of low-grade and high-grade components has been documented in the thymus (23,173,174) as secondary high-grade NETs, in the lung as NE carcinoma with carcinoid morphology (172) or carcinoids with proliferation rate progression (179), and in the GEP tract as transformed NET, well differentiated NET featuring high-grade components or well differentiated NET with high-grade (G3) progression (180,181). This concept, which would represent a paradigm shift from accepted pathogenesis schemes, has not been included in the current WHO classification of Lu-NETs where carcinoids or NETs are not thought to be usual early forerunners of high-grade lesions (1) and is probably an under-recognized phenomenon in these tumors.…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Tumors and Molecular Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: new insights

Pelosi¹,

Sonzogni²,

Harari³

et al. 2017

Transl. Lung Cancer Res.

121

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Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (Lu-NETs) embrace a heterogeneous family of neoplasms classified into four histological variants, namely typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Defining criteria on resection specimens include mitotic count in 2 mm and the presence or absence of necrosis, alongside a constellation of cytological and histological traits including cell size and shape, nuclear features and overall architecture. Clinically, TC are low-grade malignant tumors, AC intermediate-grade malignant tumors and SCLC/LCNEC high-grade malignant full-blown carcinomas with no significant differences in survival between them. Homologous tumors arise in the thymus that occasionally have some difficulties in differentiating from the lung counterparts when presented with large unresectable or metastatic lesions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) helps refine NE diagnosis at various anatomical sites, particularly on small-sized tissue material, in which only TC and small cell carcinoma categories can be recognized easily on hematoxylin & eosin stain, while AC and LCNEC can only be suggested on such material. The Ki-67 labeling index effectively separates carcinoids from small cell carcinoma and may prove useful for the clinical management of a metastatic disease to help the therapeutic decision-making process. Although carcinoids and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas in the lung and elsewhere make up separate tumor categories on molecular grounds, emerging data supports the concept of secondary high-grade NETs arising in the preexisting carcinoids, whose clinical and biological relevance will have to be placed into the proper context for the optimal management of these patients. In this review, we will discuss the selected, recent literature with a focus on current issues regarding Lu-NET nosology, i.e., classification, derivation and tumor evolution.

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Section: Neuroendocrine Tumors and Molecular Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuroendocrine Tumors and Molecular Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: new insights

Pelosi¹,

Sonzogni²,

Harari³

et al. 2017

Transl. Lung Cancer Res.

121

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Small cell bladder carcinoma (SCBC) is very uncommon, accounting for fewer than 1% of all urinary bladder carcinomas, 8,9 and has a poor prognosis, as does its pulmonary counterpart. 8,[10][11][12] This neoplasm is associated with tobacco smoking and frequently seems associated with other carcinomatous components, such as urothelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, or mixtures of these components.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Cell and Small Cell Neuroendocrine Bladder Carcinoma

et al. 2007

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We studied 44 cases of small cell bladder carcinoma (SCBC) and 2 cases of large cell neuroendocrine bladder carcinoma (LCNBC) to determine the immunohistochemical profile and biologic behavior. Thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1, cytokeratin (CK)20, chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and Leu-7 studies were performed. TTF-1+ cases were stained for surfactant protein A (SP-A). The immunohistochemical profile for 44 SCBC cases was as follows: TTF-1+, 11 (25%); CK20+, 3 (7%); CgA+, 13 (30%); synaptophysin+, 22 (50%); NSE+, 35 (80%); and Leu-7+, 30 (68%), and for 2 LCNBC cases was as follows: TTF-1+, 2 (100%); CgA+, (50%); synaptophysin+, 1 (50%); NSE+, 2 (100%); and Leu- 7+, 2 (100%). All cases with TTF-1 expression were negative for SP-A, except 1 case. This case was a mixed SCBC with TTF-1 expression in the urothelial component, which also expressed SP-A. Immunohistochemical markers were not associated with survival. The prognosis of SCBC is relatively better than its pulmonary counterpart. LCNBC seems to be a rarely recognized entity. TTF-1 expression is not limited to small cell lung carcinoma.

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“…189 Tumors with clear transitions between conventional carcinoid and small cell carcinoma have been well documented, supporting the premise that all these lesions are closely related and form a spectrum of differentiation. 196,197 The most common presentation of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus is that of a small cell (oat cell) carcinoma indistinguishable from those found in the lung and other organs (Fig. 17-56).…”

Section: Poorly Differentiated Thymic Neuroendocrine Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%