“…The glass plate is most commonly calculated due to the out-of-plane loads as the wind (Gwóźdź, Woźniczka, 2020) or based on soft-body impact (Kozłowski, 2019a;Kozłowski, 2021) (Ill. 1a). Climatic loads in insulating glass units (IGUs) are also considered (Buddenberg, Hof and Oechsner, 2016;Respondek, 2018). Only in particular cases is the role of a wall transferring vertical forces, i.e., one that works statically in compression, analysed (DuBois, 2007;Mocibob, 2008;Kozłowski, 2011).…”