Oberflächenmodifizierung von Wasseraufbereitungsmembranen

Abstract

Polymermembranen sind ein energieeffizientes Mittel zur Aufbereitung von Wasser, ein Problem ist jedoch das Auftreten von Fouling während der Filtration. Ein Weg, Membran‐Fouling zu umgehen, ist die Modifizierung der Membranoberfläche, um eine höhere Wasserproduktivität aufrechtzuerhalten. Wir diskutieren hier eine Reihe gängiger Membranoberflächenmodifizierungstechniken, darunter Oberflächenbeschichtungen und Pfropfen, sowie verschiedene Behandlungsmethoden wie etwa chemische Behandlungen, UV‐Bestrahlung und Plasma‐Behandlungen. Die Diskussion wird in den historischen Hintergrund der Membranentwicklung und Oberflächenmodifizierung eingebunden. Wir stellen außerdem Polydopamin als ein neu entwickeltes Material für die Membranmodifizierung vor, das sich in einfacher Weise auf einer Vielzahl von Substraten aufbringen lässt.

Sustainable Hydrocarbon Oligomer Solvent Systems for Sequestration of Trace Organics from Water

“…The desire for greener and low‐energy methods for water purification have led to increasing interest in new ways to remove trace organics from water. For example, recent work has described the use of metal–organic frameworks, modified porous polymers, functionalized membranes, and various other heterogeneous porous sorbents that use molecular recognition and new materials to remove trace organics from water . Here we describe an alternative approach in which liquid hydrocarbon polymers alone or with phase‐anchored cosolvents act as sustainable solvent systems to achieve similar goals.…”

“…The conventional approach to removing trace organic materials from water employs granular activated carbon (GAC) as a solid sorbent . Although this solid sorbent is widely used, recent studies have emphasized the potential of designed solid sorbents and modified membranes in place of this generic solid sorbent . Such designed materials act faster than GAC, have chemical specificity, and can be regenerated without using as much energy.…”

“…Thus, we reasoned that a PIB with a hydrogen‐bonding terminal catechol group (Figure ) could be phase‐anchored in PAO and could be used to facilitate sequestration of polar groups in PAO because the ability of catechol to form H‐bonds. This property would be enhanced in a hydrocarbon such as PAO in which there are no competing H‐bond acceptors, a premise that has precedent in water separation with membranes . Thus, we prepared a catechol derivative from alkene‐terminated PIB 450 (450 Da M n ) by using the chemistry detailed below and used this PIB derivative as a PAO‐phase‐anchorable H‐bonding agent.…”

2D Nano-Mica Sheets Assembled Membranes for High-Efficiency Oil/Water Separation

“…Oil/water separation is among the most important challenges with the ever-growing energy consumption and rapid industrialization, as well as the frequent oil spill accidents [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Considerable amounts of oily wastewater are produced daily from petrochemical, textile, metallurgy, steel, and other industries, causing serious threats to the environment and ecological systems [ 4 , 5 ].…”