Obese boys at increased risk for nonalcoholic liver disease: evaluation of 16 390 overweight or obese children and adolescents

Wiegand, Susanna; Keller, Klaus-Michael; Röbl, Markus; l’Allemand, Dagmar; Reinehr, Thomas; Widhalm, Kurt; Holl, Reinhard W.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.106

Cited by 113 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…(37,38) Fatty liver is considered to be the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome. (39,40,41) In the present study, 42.7% of obese children had Grade 1 fatty liver and 1.3% had Grade 2 fatty liver while no fatty liver was seen in the control group. Caserta et al found an overall prevalence of fatty liver in 12.5% of overweight children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Clinical Study of Melasma

Lingaraj¹,

Vijayakumar²,

Rajashekar³

2013

jemds

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BACKGROUNDObesity is increasing at a rapid pace in developing countries because of life style transition. Carotid intima media thickness is a marker of coronary heart disease in adults.Aim of this study is to find out the correlation of carotid intima media thickness with the usual measures of childhood obesity like waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and also with abdominal fat indices and lipid profile MATERIALS AND METHODS 75 obese children and 50 age and sex matched controls between 5-12 years attending Paediatric Endocrinology Clinic in Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala were included. Abdominal fat thickness and fatty liver were measured by abdominal ultrasound and intima media thickness of both carotid arteries were measured at 2 cm before the bifurcation of common carotid artery. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 18. RESULTSAbdominal fat indices and carotid intima media thickness were higher in obese children compared to controls. Carotid intima media thickness had positive correlation with waist circumference, abdominal fat indices, systolic pressure, fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol in obese children CONCLUSION Carotid intima media thickness is a definitive screening method for evaluating cardiovascular risk in obese children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Clinical Study of Melasma

Lingaraj¹,

Vijayakumar²,

Rajashekar³

2013

jemds

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“…The well-documented pediatric obesity epidemic [86,87] and dramatic increases in its associated clinical diseases are major public health challenges facing countries globally [88,89,90,91]. The long-lasting impact of early nutrition on health (obesity [32,92], metabolic syndrome [93], and mortality from cardiovascular disease [94]) leads some to argue that the focus should be on early life for both preventative intervention and further scientific inquiry [19,93,95].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary Foods and Flavor Experiences: Setting the Foundation

2012

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Increased fruit and vegetable consumption early in life may lead to life-long intake of fruits and vegetables, which in turn may be beneficial for weight control and other health outcomes in later life. Although health officials worldwide recommend delaying solid foods until 6 months of age, younger infants often receive solid food, which may affect later obesity rates. The timing of introduction to solid foods is important both nutritionally and developmentally and may affect acceptance of foods both in infancy and later in life. Infants can clearly discriminate the flavors of different fruits and vegetables. Repeated flavor experiences promote the willingness to eat a variety of foods: infants will consume more of foods that have a familiar flavor and are more accepting of novel flavors if they have experience with flavor variety. Many flavors that the mother either ingests or inhales are transmitted to her milk and/or amniotic fluid. Mothers can help the transition from a diet exclusively of milk or formula to a mixed diet by providing the infant familiar flavors in both milk or formula and solid foods. Exposure to a variety of flavors during and between meals appears to facilitate acceptance of novel foods. Providing novelty in the context of a familiar food might prove to be an optimal combination to progressively accustom infants to a diversity of novel foods. When repeatedly exposing infants to flavors of some vegetables that have bitter tastes, mothers should focus not on infants’ facial expressions but on their willingness to eat the food and should continue to provide repeated opportunities to taste the food. Introducing children repeatedly to individual as well as a variety of fruits and vegetables, both within and between meals, might help them be more accepting of fruits and vegetables, which is difficult to enhance beyond toddlerhood.

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“…Although an emerging trend suggests a stagnating prevalence of obesity - especially for younger (pre-school) children [3] - for adolescents the prevalence is clearly still increasing [4]. The incidence of cardiometabolic comorbidities [5,6,7,8,9] is considerably higher for obese teens, and a special risk factor seems to be the presence of abdominal obesity [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence

et al. 2018

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Objective: Current guidelines for prevention of obesity in childhood and adolescence are discussed. Methods: A literature search was performed in Medline via PubMed, and appropriate studies were analyzed. Results: Programs to prevent childhood obesity have so far remained mainly school-based and effects have been limited. Analyses by age group show that prevention programs have the best results in younger children (<12 years). Evidence-based recommendations for pre-school- and early school-aged children indicate the need for interventions that address parents and teachers alike. During adolescence, school-based interventions proved most effective when adolescents were addressed directly. To date, obesity prevention programs have mainly focused on behavior-oriented prevention. Recommendations for community- or environment-based prevention have been suggested by the German Alliance of Noncommunicable Diseases and include a minimum of 1 h of physical activity at school, promotion of healthy food choices by taxing unhealthy foods, mandatory standards for meals at kindergartens and schools as well as a ban on unhealthy food advertisement aimed at children. Conclusion: Behavior-oriented prevention programs showed only limited long-term effects. Certain groups at risk for the development of obesity are not reached effectively by current programs. Although universally valid conclusions cannot be drawn given the heterogeneity of available studies, clearly combining behavior-based programs with community-based prevention to counteract an ‘obesogenic environment' is crucial for sustainable success of future obesity prevention programs.

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Obese boys at increased risk for nonalcoholic liver disease: evaluation of 16 390 overweight or obese children and adolescents

Cited by 113 publications

References 38 publications

Clinical Study of Melasma

Clinical Study of Melasma

Complementary Foods and Flavor Experiences: Setting the Foundation

Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence

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