Obese individuals do not underreport dietary intake to a greater extent than nonobese individuals when data are allometrically‐scaled

Waterworth, Sally; Kerr, Catherine J.; McManus, Christopher J.; Costello, Rianne; Sandercock, Gavin

doi:10.1002/ajhb.23743

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…The AMPM method has been well validated (16,17), and the use of 2 separate recalls likely improved accuracy. In addition, it has been suggested that underreporting of energy intake is more common in people with obesity (39), although this has been brought into question (40). However, the perceived quality and quantity of dietary intake did not differ by obesity status (see Supplementary Table 12, Supplementary Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/AJG/C867), suggesting that, even if there is an obesity-driven bias in reported intake, it does not translate to bias in literacy or perception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Literacy Is Not Sufficient to Induce Needed Dietary Changes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Carroll

Rotman

2023

Am J Gastroenterol

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INTRODUCTION:Dietary and lifestyle changes are the first line of therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent liver disease in the western world. Nutrition literacy is the ability to understand nutrition information and implement that knowledge. We aimed to compare indicators of nutrition literacy in subjects with and without NAFLD in a representative US cohort.METHODS:In a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018 cycle, we included 2,938 adult subjects with complete dietary and vibration-controlled transient elastography data and no alternative reason for hepatic steatosis. Nutrition literacy was assessed using questionnaires. Diet perception accuracy was assessed by comparing self-reported diet quality with objective diet quality scores—the Healthy Eating Index and alternative Mediterranean diet score—to assess real-world application of nutrition knowledge.RESULTS:Nutrition literacy was not different between subjects with or without NAFLD (P = 0.17): more than 90% of subjects reported using nutrition labels, and most of them correctly identified the meaning of daily value. Subjects with NAFLD had a lower-quality diet (Healthy Eating Index, P = 0.018; alternative Mediterranean diet, P = 0.013) and rated their diet as poorer (P < 0.001). On self-assessment, only 27.8% of subjects overestimated their diet quality, while 37.5% consumed more calories than their self-assessed needs. Both accuracy measures were similar between subjects with NAFLD and those without (P = 0.71 and 0.63, respectively). Subjects with NAFLD were more likely to report being advised to lose weight (42.1% vs 16.5%, P < 0.001) or to attempt losing weight (71.9% vs 60.9%, P < 0.001). Diet quality was not better in subjects with NAFLD who received dietary recommendations.DISCUSSION:Subjects with NAFLD have poor diet quality despite receiving medical recommendations to lose weight and having nutrition literacy and perception that are comparable with subjects without NAFLD. Educational approaches may not be sufficient to promote weight loss and improve diet quality in NAFLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Literacy Is Not Sufficient to Induce Needed Dietary Changes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Carroll

Rotman

2023

Am J Gastroenterol

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“…To this end, we recruited athletes who were already regularly, and voluntarily, tracking their diet and training so we could obtain longer-term longitudinal data across a variety of training regimens. Although dietary intake in the general population is likely to be under-reported [39], this would not necessarily apply to a population of athletes who are highly motivated and already in the habit of tracking dietary intake. It has been suggested that familiarity with and interest in keeping food records may lead to more reliable estimates of energy intake [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantification of daily carbohydrate periodization among endurance athletes during 12 weeks of self-selected training: presentation of a novel Carbohydrate Periodization Index

Rothschild

Morton

Kilding

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Contemporary sports nutrition guidelines recognize that endurance athletes should periodize their daily carbohydrate (CHO) intake according to the demands of their training and competitive schedule. However, objective assessments of the dietary CHO periodization practices adopted by endurance athletes during prolonged training periods are not readily available. Objectives: To objectively assess the magnitude of the CHO periodization practices adopted by endurance athletes via the formulation of a novel CHO Periodization Index (CPI). The CPI is proposed to represent a single metric to quantify how tightly an athlete's CHO intake is matched with training load, the magnitude of adjustment, and how frequently these adjustments occur. Methods: Self-selected training and dietary intake was reported daily by 55 endurance athletes (61.8% male) for 12 weeks (representing a total of 4,395 days of dietary assessments). Calculations were made for correlations between daily CHO intake and training load (product of session rating of perceived exertion and duration), CHO monotony (mean daily CHO intake divided by SD), CHO range (highest minus lowest single-day intake), and the CPI (correlation * range / monotony). Sub-group analysis was also performed to examine differences in CPI, frequency of fasted training sessions, and weekly training volume based on competitive level, habitual diet, and sex. Results: Mean participant daily CHO intake was 3.9 +/- 1.5 (range 1.2 to 7.2) g/kg, with the highest single-day intake being 17.6 g/kg. Mean CHO range was 6.6 +/- 3.1 (range 2.0 to 15.2) g/kg. Carbohydrate monotony values ranged from 1.0 to 6.0. Pearson correlations between training load and daily CHO intake ranged from -0.34 to 0.87. Mean CPI was 1.0 +/- 1.2 (range -1.2 to 5.6) and was higher among the highest-level athletes. Conclusion: Endurance athletes do not readily adjust daily CHO intake according to the demands of training. Furthermore, the CPI represents a promising tool that that can be used by researchers, coaches, and athletes to quantify CHO periodization practices and compare within and between individuals.

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“…The most common method for self-reported dietary intake assessment was food records (nine studies), 16,18,19,21,[23][24][25][26][27] followed by 24-h recalls (eight studies), 17,20,[22][23][24][28][29][30] and food frequency questionnaires (two studies). 19,30 Svendsen and Tonstad 19 administered an original food frequency questionnaire via interview based on two existing questionnaires 31,32 that were designed to capture food intake over the previous 3 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies identified underreporters as below the 95% confidence interval of the ratio of reported energy intake to total energy expenditure. 34 Some studies 16,17,26,27 used multiple methods for comparing reported energy intake with energy expenditure. Waterworth et al 16 was unique among these studies in using both the ratio and allometric scaling methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Representation of adults with class III obesity in studies assessing validity of self‐reported energy intake using doubly labeled water: A systematic review

Howes,

Laskaridou,

Davy

et al. 2024

Obesity Reviews

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SummaryThe measurement of habitual energy intake remains a challenge in nutrition research. High levels of misreporting, particularly among adults with obesity, have been observed when comparing self‐reported energy intake to energy expenditure assessed via the doubly labeled water technique. Little is known about misreporting in adults with class III obesity (body mass index ≥40 kg/m2). This systematic review assessed the representation of adults with class III obesity in dietary validation studies and the validity of self‐reported dietary energy intake for this group. Studies were included in this review if they: compared self‐reported energy intake assessment method(s) to doubly labeled water, had participants ≥18 years old, and included participants with class III obesity. Fifteen studies met these criteria. Of those, eight included information about the number of participants with class III obesity. Out of 1784 participants across eight studies, 63 (3.5%) participants had class III obesity, compared to 9.2% of US adults with class III obesity. Six studies provided data on validity of energy intake assessment for class III obesity, with five of these showing underreporting. Participants with class III obesity are underrepresented in dietary validation studies. Future research should explore the role of weight status on dietary reporting accuracy.

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Obese individuals do not underreport dietary intake to a greater extent than nonobese individuals when data are allometrically‐scaled

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Nutrition Literacy Is Not Sufficient to Induce Needed Dietary Changes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nutrition Literacy Is Not Sufficient to Induce Needed Dietary Changes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The quantification of daily carbohydrate periodization among endurance athletes during 12 weeks of self-selected training: presentation of a novel Carbohydrate Periodization Index

Representation of adults with class III obesity in studies assessing validity of self‐reported energy intake using doubly labeled water: A systematic review

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