Obesity

Abstract

Background and Purpose The aims of this article are to review the effects of obesity on health and well‐being and the evidence indicating they can be ameliorated by weight loss, and consider weight‐management strategies that may help patients achieve and maintain weight loss. Methods Narrative review based on literature searches of PubMed up to May 2016 with no date limits imposed. Search included terms such as “obesity,” “overweight,” “weight loss,” “comorbidity,” “diabetes,” cardiovascular,” “cancer,” “depression,” “management,” and “intervention.” Conclusions Over one third of U.S. adults have obesity. Obesity is associated with a range of comorbidities, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and cancer; however, modest weight loss in the 5%–10% range, and above, can significantly improve health‐related outcomes. Many individuals struggle to maintain weight loss, although strategies such as realistic goal‐setting and increased consultation frequency can greatly improve the success of weight‐management programs. Nurse practitioners have key roles in establishing weight‐loss targets, providing motivation and support, and implementing weight‐loss programs. Implications for Practice With their in‐depth understanding of the research in the field of obesity and weight management, nurse practitioners are well placed to effect meaningful changes in weight‐management strategies deployed in clinical practice.

Vascular Pathways of Testosterone: Clinical Implications

“…According to the WHO, overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health, in which a person with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 is generally considered overweight, while a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 is considered obese [64]. Obesity is directly or indirectly related to metabolic disorders and the development and progression of T2DM.…”

Autophagy in Astrocytes: Importance for Metabolism

“…Between 1975 and 2016, its worldwide prevalence has triple and nowadays represents an important problem for public health [34,35]. Obesity is associated with reduced life expectancy and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, muscular disorders and some types of cancer [36]. Furthermore, obesity can impact brain function and has become a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease [37][38][39][40].…”

Клінічний Випадок Аліментарного Ожиріння У Собаки

“…Рівень загального холестеролу становив 7,36 ммоль/л. Внаслідок компенсаторних реакцій в організмі [5,6,18], в сироватці крові тварини за аліментарного ожиріння значно зростає вміст ЛПВГ, його рівень становив 1,66 ммоль/л. Подібні результати встановлені нами щодо вмісту в сироватці крові ЛПНГ та ЛПДНГ, а саме підвищення цих показників (4,97 та 0,73 ммоль/л, відповідно).…”