Obesity altered T cell metabolism and the response to infection

Green, William D.; Beck, Melinda A.

doi:10.1016/j.coi.2017.03.008

Cited by 85 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Many factors that could potentially impact the immune response are impaired in obesity, including increased leptin concentrations, altered immune cell metabolism, and epigenetic factors, and may therefore underlie the impaired immune response to infectious disease in obesity [39]. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence supports the notion that impaired immunological responses to infection in people living with obesity are driven by perturbations in T cell activation and function [35]. Interestingly, recent studies have demonstrated that the innate immune system, like the adaptive immune system, is able to adopt a long-term activated phenotype by previous encounters with microbial stimuli, leading to an increased immune response upon secondary stimulation ("trained innate immunity") [34].…”

Section: Immunological Alterations In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity

et al. 2020

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Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is a major risk factor for the initiation, progression, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), as a scientific and medical society dedicated to the promotion of health and well-being, is greatly concerned about the concomitant obesity and COVID-19 pandemics and their impact on health and society at large. In this perspective, we will address the inherent immunological perturbations and alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with obesity and COVID-19, and discuss how these impairments may underlie the increased susceptibility and more detrimental outcomes of COVID-19 in people with obesity. Clearly, this has important implications for preventive measures, vaccination, and future therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19. Furthermore, we will highlight important knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for future research and recommendations for policy actions. Since many new reports on COVID-19 rapidly appear, the present perspective should be seen as a focus for discussion to drive forward further understanding, research initiatives, and clinical management of COVID-19.

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Section: Immunological Alterations In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity

et al. 2020

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“…glucose, fatty acids, etc.) [7,8]. In addition, checkpoint blockade therapies aimed at reinvigorating exhausted T cell responses are showing great promise in treating cancer patients in the clinic [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity induced T cell dysfunction and implications for cancer immunotherapy

Aguilar

Murphy

2018

Current Opinion in Immunology

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Obesity has been shown to increase risk for a number of different disorders, including cancer. In addition, obesity is also associated with immune dysfunction, which could contribute to its strong association with other comorbidities. Recently, the immune system has been found to be heavily regulated by changes in metabolism. In particular, T cells are able to respond to intrinsic metabolic regulatory mechanisms, as well as extrinsic factors such as the changes in metabolite availability. The dysfunctional metabolic environment created by obesity could therefore have a direct impact on T cell responses. In this review, we highlight recent findings in the fields of T cell biology and obesity, with a focus on mechanisms driving T cell dysfunction and potential implications for immunotherapeutic treatment of cancer.

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“…It may seem counterintuitive that COVID-19, a communicable disease, has such contiguity with non-communicable diseases such as obesity. However, people with obesity have an elevated risk of hospitalization, serious illness, and mortality, likely due to chronic lowgrade inflammation [1], an altered immune response to infection, as well as related cardiometabolic comorbidities [2], and the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have a significant impact on people with obesity. The lockdowns imposed by many countries, combined with extensive efforts to isolate both vulnerable populations and people with diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 and to quarantine potential contacts, have many consequences for health behaviours and well-being.…”

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confidence: 99%