Obesity and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Particular Challenge in Pregnancy

Mayer-Pickel, K

doi:10.17140/oroj-2-109

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…We also measured serum Spike-specific IgG antibodies in our cohorts of lean and obese COVID-19 patients and uninfected controls. These antibodies were found to be significantly lower in obese as compared to lean COVID-19 patients, confirming our previously published findings that BMI is negatively associated with anti-Spike IgG serum levels [ 19 ] and consistent with the knowledge that obesity is associated with inflammaging [ 2 ] and metaflammation [ 40 ] both of which are negatively associated with a functional immune system [ 41 ]. In addition, our previously published work has shown that overweight/obesity decrease the serum antibody response to the influenza vaccine in young and elderly individuals [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The majority of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients with obesity are autoimmune and not neutralizing

et al. 2021

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Background/objectives Obesity decreases the secretion of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in the blood of COVID-19 patients. How obesity impacts the quality of the antibodies secreted, however, is not understood. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the presence of neutralizing versus autoimmune antibodies in COVID-19 patients with obesity. Subjects/methods Thirty serum samples from individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR were collected from inpatient and outpatient settings. Of these, 15 were lean (BMI < 25) and 15 were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Control serum samples were from 30 uninfected individuals, age-, gender-, and BMI-matched, recruited before the current pandemic. Neutralizing and autoimmune antibodies were measured by ELISA. IgG autoimmune antibodies were specific for malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and for adipocyte-derived protein antigens (AD), markers of virus-induced cell death in the obese adipose tissue. Results SARS-CoV-2 infection induces neutralizing antibodies in all lean but only in few obese COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection also induces anti-MDA and anti-AD autoimmune antibodies more in lean than in obese patients as compared to uninfected controls. Serum levels of these autoimmune antibodies, however, are always higher in obese versus lean COVID-19 patients. Moreover, because the autoimmune antibodies found in serum samples of COVID-19 patients have been correlated with serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a general marker of inflammation, we also evaluated the association of anti-MDA and anti-AD antibodies with serum CRP and found a positive association between CRP and autoimmune antibodies. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of evaluating the quality of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients with obesity, particularly the presence of autoimmune antibodies, and identify biomarkers of self-tolerance breakdown. This is crucial to protect this vulnerable population at higher risk of responding poorly to infection with SARS-CoV-2 than lean controls.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The majority of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients with obesity are autoimmune and not neutralizing

et al. 2021

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“…We also measured serum Spike-specific IgG antibodies in our cohorts of lean and obese COVID-19 patients and uninfected controls. These antibodies were found to be significantly lower in obese as compared to lean COVID-19 patients, confirming our previously published findings that BMI is negatively associated with anti-Spike IgG serum levels (33) and consistent with the knowledge that obesity is associated with inflammaging (2) and metaflammation (51) both of which are negatively associated with a functional immune system (52). Our previously published work has shown that overweight/obesity decrease the serum antibody response to the influenza vaccine in young and elderly individuals (12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces autoimmune antibody secretion more in lean than in obese COVID-19 patients

Frasca

Reidy

Romero

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background/Objectives: Obesity decreases the secretion of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in the blood of COVID-19 patients. How obesity impacts the secretion of autoimmune antibodies in COVID-19 patients, however, is not understood. The serum of adult COVID-19 patients contains autoimmune antibodies generated in response to virus-induced tissue damage and cell death leading to the release of intracellular antigens not known to be immunogenic autoantigens. The objective of this study is to evaluate the presence of autoimmune antibodies in COVID-19 patients with obesity. Subjects/Methods: Thirty serum samples from individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR were collected from inpatient and outpatient settings. Of these, 15 were lean (BMI<25), and 15 were obese (BMI ≥30). Control serum samples were from 30 uninfected individuals, age- gender- and BMI-matched, recruited before the current pandemic. Serum IgG antibodies against two autoimmune specificities, as well as against SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, were measured by ELISA. IgG autoimmune antibodies were specific for malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and for adipocyte-derived protein antigens (AD), markers of virus-induced cell death in the obese AT. Results: Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces anti-MDA and anti-AD autoimmune antibodies more in lean than in obese patients as compared to uninfected controls. Serum levels of these autoimmune antibodies, however, are always higher in obese versus lean COVID-19 patients. Moreover, because the autoimmune antibodies found in serum samples of COVID-19 patients have been correlated with serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a general marker of inflammation, we also evaluated the association of anti-MDA and anti-AT antibodies with serum CRP and found a significant association between CRP and autoimmune antibodies in our cohort of lean and obese COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of evaluating the quality of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients with obesity, particularly the presence of autoimmune antibodies, and identify biomarkers of self-tolerance breakdown. This is crucial to protect this vulnerable population that is at higher risk of responding poorly to infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared to lean controls.

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“…However, Frasca et al reported lower anti-IgG-S antibody titers in individuals with obesity, and a body mass index negatively associated with serum levels of IgG-S1 antibodies in COVID-19 [ 39 ]. These findings are consistent with the knowledge that obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and, in turn, a dysfunctional immune system [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Clinical and Biological Characteristics Of Individuals Recov...supporting

confidence: 92%

A stronger antibody response in increased disease severity of SARS-CoV-2

de Oliveira,

Aciole,

Neves

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background An assessment of the factors that interfere with serum levels and the persistence of anti-SARs-CoV-2 IgG antibodies is essential in order to estimate the risk of reinfection and to plan vaccination. We analyzed the impact of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the clinical and biological factors regarding the persistence of SARs-CoV-2 anti-spike protein (IgG-S) antibodies at 12 months. Methods This was an observational, longitudinal study with individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 between August 2020 and June 2021. Peripheral blood samples were collected from volunteers who were hospitalized (SERIOUS COVID-19) and those who required no hospitalization (COVID-19 LIGHT). Samples were grouped according to days after symptom onset: up to 90, between 91 and 180, ≥ 180 days after symptom onset. A semiquantitative test for IgG anti-spike protein S1(IgG-S1) was used. Results We analyzed 238 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19, of whom 87 had been hospitalized and 151 had not. They provided 148 and 220 samples, respectively. Among those hospitalized, males (65.5%), volunteers aged over 60 years (41.1%), comorbidities such as arterial hypertension (67.8%) and diabetes mellitus (37.9%) were most frequent. We observed higher median serum IgG-S1 titers among those who had recovered from COVID-19 and had been hospitalized, at all collection time intervals (p < 0.001). We observed a weak correlation of increasing age with humoral IgG-S1 response (Spearman correlation = 0.298). There was a greater probability of IgG-S1 antibody persistence over time among samples from hospitalized individuals compared to samples from non-hospitalized participants (p = 0.001). Conclusion This study has revealed higher titers and a higher probability of the persistence of IgG-S1 in severe cases after SARs-CoV-2 primary infection in unvaccinated recovered patients. Thus, in this study, the severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 was the main factor influencing serum levels and the persistence of IgG-S1 antibodies in COVID-19.

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Obesity and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Particular Challenge in Pregnancy

Abstract: CitationMayer-Pickel K. Obesity and antiphospholipid syndrome: a particular challenge in pregnancy. Obes Res Open J. 2015; 2(2): 46-56.

Cited by 4 publications

References 127 publications

The majority of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients with obesity are autoimmune and not neutralizing

The majority of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients with obesity are autoimmune and not neutralizing

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces autoimmune antibody secretion more in lean than in obese COVID-19 patients

A stronger antibody response in increased disease severity of SARS-CoV-2

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