Obesity and Autism

Hill, Alison Presmanes; Zuckerman, Katharine E.; Fombonne, Éric

doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1437

Cited by 203 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…When looking to studies with much larger sample sizes (Broder-Fingert et al, 2014;Egan et al, 2013;Hill et al, 2015;Zuckerman et al, 2014), prevalence rates more closely resemble those from the national statistics of the general population, but are still elevated. Hill et al (2015), in their analysis of 5,053 participants (ages [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] yet they found significance in only two age bands.…”

Section: Incidence Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As will be discussed later in the chapter, individuals with ASD have potentially higher rates of obesity (Broder-Fingert et al, 2014;Egan, Dreyer, Odar, Beckwith, & Garrison, 2013;Hill, Zuckerman, & Fombonne, 2015;Zuckerman, Hill, Guion, Voltolina, & Fombonne, 2014) and lower rates of physical activity (Sowa & Meulenbroek, 2011;Srinivasan, Pescatello, & Bhat, 2014). As is the case in populations without disabilities, it is difficult to ascertain in the literature whether one condition is an outcome of the other or if there is a reciprocal relationship.…”

Section: Motor Competence and Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned previously, the research in this area is scarce in light of its presence in the national news (Hill et al, 2015); however, in the following sections I will discuss what current research suggests are (1) the incident rates of obesity for individuals with ASD, (2) the physical activity of individuals with ASD, and (3) the benefits that can be gained from physical activity.…”

Section: Obesity and Physical Activity In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ranking of ≥ 85 or ≥ 95 will place an individual in the overweight or (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). According to Hill et al (2015), the prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity within ASD populations varies greatly (see Table 1). When considering the prevalence statistics in relation to the national data, the rates for overweight and obesity are similar.…”

Section: Incidence Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hill et al (2015), in their analysis of 5,053 participants (ages [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] yet they found significance in only two age bands. The younger (2)(3)(4)(5) and adolescent (12-17) groups were significantly elevated compared to the general population from the NHANES dataset (Ogden et al, 2014).…”

Section: Incidence Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Effects of a Fundamental Motor Skills Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Colombo-Dougovito

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and pervasive repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Further, ASD is one of the fastest rising childhood developmental disorders, affecting 1 in 68 children (Christensen et al., 2016). In addition to the hallmark charactizations of this condition is a growing body of research (Lloyd, MacDonald, & Lord, 2013;Liu, Hamilton, Davis, ElGarhy, 2014;Staples & Reid, 2010) that suggests that individuals with ASD also demonstrate delays in the development of gross motor skills. Despite mounting evidence of delay, few interventions have targeted gross motor skills as an outcome (Staples, MacDonald, Zimmer, 2012). Three recent studies (Bremer, Crozier, & Lloyd, 2016; Ketcheson, Hauck, & Ulrich, 2016), amoung others, demonstrate the increasing awareness to this issue; however, continued theory-based research is needed to builded an effective motor intervention for children with ASD.The purpose of this parallel, convergent mixed methods design study was to test the validity and effectiveness of a fundamental motor skill (FMS) intervention for children with ASD that uses dynamic systems theory (DST; Newell, 1986). The intervention was based on intentional manipulations of task constraints, hereafter referred to as task modifications, to build FMS. This study incorporated both quantitative and qualitative data to understand not only how the task modifications work to influence the motor performance of children with and without ASD, but how potential changes in motor performance, or the perception of, was understood by parents. Furthermore, this study sought to understand how the intervention effected the daily lives of the individual iv and their family.Results revealed that a motor intervention based on dynamic systems theory may: (a) significantly improve gross motor performance of children; (b) provide an effective means to build motor skills in children with ASD; and (c) allow for a high level of engagement and successful practice. Furthermore, parent interviews suggest that there are number of barriers to physical activity, as well as many benefits. Futher, results suggest that the home environment may play a role in the gain made during a school based intervention; acting as an environmental constraint. Lastly, when looking at changes in motor performance compared to themes discussed by parents, data suggest that motor skills may play a role as a mediating factor in a child's physical activity level.Additionally, the results suggest that direct changes from increases in motor performance may have delayed indirect changes in other developmental skill and in the child's life.While data suggest significant improvements, a small sample size and the heterogeneity of ASD limit the overall generalizability of the intervention. Further research is necessary to fully understand the potential of an intervention based on task modifications. Moreover, while significant finding...

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Section: Incidence Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Motor Competence and Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obesity and Physical Activity In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidence Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidence Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Effects of a Fundamental Motor Skills Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Colombo-Dougovito

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Weighty Conversations: Caregivers', Children's, and Clinicians' Perspectives and Experiences of Discussing Weight‐Related Topics in Healthcare Consultations

et al. 2018

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Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of having obesity than their typically developing peers. Although it has been recommended that health care providers (HCPs) speak to caregivers and children about the risk of higher weights, no research has examined how HCPs communicate weight‐related information. Furthermore, there is a dearth of evidence regarding how to approach and deliver optimal weight‐related discussions among children with ASD and their caregivers. Given these knowledge gaps, 21 in‐depth interviews were conducted with children with ASD, their caregivers, and HCPs. Using a qualitative analytic approach, data from interviews were analyzed thematically. Results suggest that HCPs at times projected weight stigma during clinical encounters, which did not motivate children and caregivers to work toward work loss or wellness. HCPs also described reticence in engaging families in weight‐related conversations due to limited training, and lack of clinical tools to guide these conversations. All stakeholders identified a need to work together to establish a therapeutic partnership to discuss weight‐related issues without blame or shame. The combination of strength‐based communication approaches, establishing a strong therapeutic partnership, and development of clinical tools facilitating weight‐related discussions for HCPs outlined in this article are potential vehicles to foster successful weight‐related discussions while promoting lifelong wellness. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1500–1510. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of having obesity. Yet, it is unknown how healthcare providers (HCPs) should deliver weight‐related information. Findings suggest children and caregivers experienced weight stigma and were uncomfortable discussing weight‐related issues. HCPs identified that they did not have sufficient training, and did not feel confident identifying/addressing weight issues. Tools are needed to facilitate weight‐related discussions among children, caregivers and HCPs.

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Altered patterns of brain dynamics linked with body mass index in youth with autism

et al. 2021

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Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have higher rates of overweight and obesity (OWOB) compared with typically developing (TD) children. Brain functional connectivity differences have been shown in both ASD and OWOB. However, only one study to date has examined ASD and OWOB concurrently, so little is known regarding the neural mechanisms associated with the higher prevalence of OWOB and its behavioral impacts in ASD. We investigated co‐activation patterns (CAPs) of brain regions identified by independent component analysis in 129 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age (n = 68 ASD). We examined the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and diagnosis in predicting dynamic brain metrics (dwell time, DT; frequency of occurrence, and transitions between states) as well as dimensional brain‐behavior relationships. The relationship between BMI and brain dynamics was moderated by diagnosis (ASD, TD), particularly among the frequency of CAP 4, characterized by co‐activation of lateral frontoparietal, temporal, and frontal networks. This pattern was negatively associated with parent‐reported inhibition skills. Children with ASD had shorter CAP 1, characterized by co‐activation of the subcortical, temporal, sensorimotor, and frontal networks, and CAP 4 DTs compared with TD children. CAP 1 DT was negatively associated with cognitive flexibility, inhibition, social functioning, and BMI. Cognitive flexibility moderated the relationship between BMI and brain dynamics in the visual network. Our findings provide novel evidence of neural mechanisms associated with OWOB in children with ASD. Further, poorer cognitive flexibility may result in increased vulnerability for children with ASD and co‐occurring OWOB. Lay Summary Obesity is a societal epidemic and is common in autism, however, little is known about the neural mechanisms associated with the higher rates of obesity in autism. Here, we find unique patterns of brain dynamics associated with obesity in autism that were not observed in typically developing children. Further, the relationship between body mass index and brain dynamics depended on cognitive flexibility. These findings suggest that individuals with autism may be more vulnerable to the effects of obesity on brain function. Autism Res 2021, 14: 873–886. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Obesity and Autism

Cited by 203 publications

References 78 publications

A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Effects of a Fundamental Motor Skills Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Effects of a Fundamental Motor Skills Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Weighty Conversations: Caregivers', Children's, and Clinicians' Perspectives and Experiences of Discussing Weight‐Related Topics in Healthcare Consultations

Altered patterns of brain dynamics linked with body mass index in youth with autism

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